White-capped Dipper
Cinclus leucocephalus
The only dipper in its range, and thus unlikely to be confused. Chunky and boldly patterned in blackish and white, with obvious white crown and underparts (somewhat variable in different parts of range). Sexes similar. A denizen of fast-moving streams and rivers with plenty of rocks to perch on. Fairly widely distributed in the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia; can be found from 700–3,500 m. Usually seen singly or in pairs, quite conspicuous as they perch on boulders or fly along the river. Gives a piercing “dzeet!” call, especially in flight.
识别特征
The white-capped dipper is 15–16.5 cm (5.9–6.5 in) in length and weighs 38–59 g (1.3–2.1 oz). The sexes are similar in appearance, but the male is slightly larger than the female. The nominate subspecies has a white nape and crown with fine dark brown streaks. The remaining upperparts are dark brown. The throat is white; the remaining underparts are dark brown. The bill is black and the legs are dark grey. Subspecies rivularis is paler than the nominate and has fine grey spots on the throat. Subspecies leuconotus has a white belly and a large white patch on the upper back.
分类信息
The white-capped dipper was described by the Swiss naturalist Johann Jakob von Tschudi in 1844 and given the binomial name Cinclus leucocephalus. The type locality is the Junín Province in Peru. The specific epithet leucocephalus combines the Ancient Greek leukos "white" and -kephalos "-headed". Of the five species now placed in the genus, a molecular genetic study has shown that the white-capped dipper is most closely related to the other South American species, the rufous-throated dipper (Cinclus schulzii).<p>There are three subspecies:
- 学名
- Cinclus leucocephalus
- 命名信息
- Tschudi, 1844
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Cinclidae
- 属
- Cinclus
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Rufous Songlark
Cincloramphus mathewsi
Plain brownish songbird with faint pale eyebrow and rust-colored rump. Similar female White-winged Triller has white-edged wing panel. Brown Songlark larger, with longer legs and bill and more strongly patterned upperparts. Found across much of Australia, less so in the southeast, in treeless open habitats. Spectacular song includes long sequences of trills and loud electrical phrases, very unlike Brown Songlark.
Taiwan Thrush
Turdus niveiceps
Uncommon endemic thrush breeding in montane forests (1000-2500 m). Male is striking: black with an orange belly and a snow-white head. Female browner, with a brown-and-white-mottled head. Descends into foothills and even lowlands during the winter, when it may mix with other thrush species. Male gives a melodic whistled song from the canopy.
Mouse-gray Flycatcher
Myiophobus crypterythrus
Small, dull-colored flycatcher fond of lightly wooded areas, dry savanna, and forest edge. Its brownish-gray plumage, streaky breast, and buffy wingbars separate it from other similar species. Song is a quick “swee-ch-ch-ch-ch-ch…”; also gives a series of well-spaced whistles. Usually seen alone or in pairs, often sitting quietly on a low perch. Note its restricted range in far southwestern Colombia, western Ecuador, and northwestern Peru (mostly west of the Andes, but also in the Marañón Valley). Formerly considered a subspecies of Bran-colored Flycatcher.
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