Summer Tanager
Piranga rubra
Large tanager with a hefty bill. Adult males are completely red; immature males are dull yellow-olive with blotchy patches of red. Females are variable in color, ranging from pale dull yellow to brighter orange. Can be confused with female Scarlet Tanager; Summer has a longer, paler bill and less contrast between wing and body color. Also compare with dustier-looking, stouter-billed Hepatic Tanager. Breeds in mature forests, favoring mixed deciduous and pine in the southeastern U.S. and riparian corridors in the western U.S. and northern Mexico. Extensive winter range from Mexico to Bolivia, where it can be found in any wooded area. Often gives a short, descending rattle “pit-a-tuck.”
识别特征
Adults have stout, pointed bills and measure 17 cm (6.7 in) in length and weigh a mean 30.1 g (1.06 oz), ranging from 25.8–33.6 g (0.99–1.19 oz). Wingspan ranges from 28 to 30 cm. Adult males are rose red and similar in appearance to the hepatic tanager, although the latter has a dark bill; females are orangish on the underparts and olive on top, with olive-brown wings and tail. As with all other birds, all red and orange colorations are acquired through their diet.<p>The summer tanager has an American robin-like song, similar enough that novices sometimes mistake this bird for that species. The song consists of melodic units, repeated in a constant stream. The summer tanager's song, however, is much more monotonous than that of T. migratorius, often consisting of as few as three or four distinct units. It is clearer and less nasal than the song of the scarlet tanager. The summer tanager also has a sharp, agitated-sounded call pi-tuk or pik-i-tuk-i-tuk.
分类信息
The summer tanager was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Fringilla rubra. Linnaeus based his description on the "summer red-bird" described and illustrated by Mark Catesby in his The Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands which was published in 1729–1732. Catesby gave the location as Carolina, Linnaeus specified America; the type location is now South Carolina. The summer tanager is the type species of the genus Piranga that was introduced by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot in 1808. The genus name Piranga is from Tupi Tijepiranga, the name for an unknown small bird; the specific rubra is from Latin ruber meaning "red".<p>Two subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Piranga rubra
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Cardinalidae
- 属
- Piranga
分布与栖息地
The summer tanager's habitat varies regionally, with pine-oak and mixed forests preferred in the southeastern United States, and riparian lowlands preferred in the southwest. These birds spend the breeding season across the southern United States and Northern Mexico, reaching as far north as Iowa and New Jersey in the east. They overwinter in Mexico, Central America and northern South America. This tanager is an extremely rare vagrant to western Europe.[citation needed]
- 繁殖区
- NA, MA : s USA and n Mexico
- 非繁殖区
- s Mexico to Amazonia
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
These birds are often out of sight, foraging high in trees, sometimes flying out to catch insects in flight. They mainly eat insects, but also regularly supplement their diets with fruit. Fruit of Cymbopetalum mayanum (Annonaceae) are an especially well-liked food in their winter quarters and birds will forage in human-altered habitat. Consequently, these trees can be planted to entice them to residential areas, and they may well be attracted to bird feeders.[citation needed] Summer tanagers have also been reported to eat larger invertebrate prey, including snails and slugs; there is additionally one report of an individual attempting to eat a vertebrate–a green anole–at a migratory stopover site in Mississippi.<p>Summer tanagers build a cup nest on a horizontal tree branch anywhere from 4-45 feet from the ground.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Ring-tailed Pigeon
Patagioenas caribaea
A large pale pigeon primarily of montane and foothill forests; often occurs in small flocks and found high in trees. The banded tail is unique among pigeons in its range. It also lacks the ruddy shoulders and white wing-stripe of Plain Pigeon. White-crowned Pigeon is distinctly darker. Calls include a soft, deep “oooOOO-hooo” and a throaty “croo-croo-croooo,” both of which are quite different from the “HOOO-hoo-hoooo” of the Plain Pigeon.
Rufous-bellied Helmetshrike
Prionops rufiventris
A boldly patterned helmetshrike of lowland forests, often seen in small vocal groups. The bill is red and the head and chin are overall silvery gray. Has a black neck band and black wings, back, and tail. The chest is white and the belly, vent, and legs are reddish. Similar to the Red-billed Helmetshrike, with which it co-occurs locally in Cameroon, but Rufous-bellied Helmetshrike can be identified by its silvery gray chin and head (including below the eye) and the more extensive reddish coloration on its belly. Calls consist of liquid whistles and repeated grating “chew-two” calls.
Sulawesi Nightjar
Caprimulgus celebensis
A long-tailed, boldly patterned nightjar with extensive gray markings on the upperparts, bold buff, black, and white markings, and a white throat. In flight, shows prominent white patches on outer wings and tail. Inhabits lowland forest, edge, scrub, and mangroves. Confined to Sulawesi and the Sula islands. Distinguished from the montane Diabolical Nightjar by its lowland habitat, paler plumage, extensive white in tail, and lack of a buff collar. Tail is longer than Savanna Nightjar’s. Gives a distinctive, explosive “tok-tok-toktrrtrr” call that speeds up, then decreases in volume at the end.
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