White-bellied Hummingbird
Elliotomyia chionogaster
Medium-sized hummingbird of middle and high elevations. Green above, white below, with a pinkish lower mandible. Found around forest edges and scrubby open habitats. Distinguished with care from the very similar Green-and-white Hummingbird by the white extending lower onto the underside of the tail, and by its sometimes lighter pink lower mandible; it is also typically found in more open habitats than that species.
识别特征
The white-bellied hummingbird is 9 to 12 cm (3.5 to 4.7 in) long. Males weigh 4.9 to 6.7 g (0.17 to 0.24 oz) and females 4.5 to 6 g (0.16 to 0.21 oz). Both sexes of both subspecies have a medium length straight bill with a blackish maxilla and a reddish mandible with a dark tip. Adult males of the nominate subspecies have brilliant light green upperparts, sides, and chest. Their undersides are whitish from the chin to the undertail coverts with golden-green spots on the sides of the throat and sometimes some green on the coverts. Their tail feathers are brilliant grayish green to golden green; the outer ones have white inner webs. Adult females are very similar to males, but with a light cream chin and throat that are more heavily spotted. Juveniles are similar to adult females with the cream of the throat extending to the belly.<p>Both sexes of subspecies E. c. hypoleuca have creamy rather than white underparts and the white of the outer tail feather webs is reduced. Females also have white ends to the outer three pairs of tail feathers.
分类信息
The white-bellied hummingbird has at various times been placed in genera Leucippus and Elliotia, and until 2014 in Amazilia. A molecular phylogenetic study published in 2014 found that Amazilia was polyphyletic. In the revised classification to create monophyletic genera, the white-bellied hummingbird was placed by most taxonomic systems in a new genus Elliotomyia. However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) retains it in Amazilia. <p>The white-bellied hummingbird shares genus Elliotomyia with the green-and-white hummingbird (E. viridicauda). It has two subspecies, the nominate E. c. chionogaster and E. c. hypoleuca.
- 学名
- Elliotomyia chionogaster
- 命名信息
- (Tschudi, 1846)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Elliotomyia
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of white-bellied hummingbird is found on the east slope of the Peruvian Andes between the departments of Amazonas and Cuzco. E. c. hypoleuca is found on the east slope from Puno Department in far southeastern Peru south through Bolivia into northwestern Argentina to La Rioja Province and east into the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. The species inhabits semi-open landscapes such as forest edges, secondary forest, shrublands, cerrado, plantations, and gardens. It favors relatively dry areas having Cactaceae, Agave, or groves of Alnus or Eucalyptus. In elevation it is found mostly between 450 and 2,000 m (1,500 and 6,600 ft) and occasionally as high as 2,800 m (9,200 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black-thighed Falconet
Microhierax fringillarius
Dwarfed by shrikes and thrushes, this tiny raptor looks almost parakeet-like as it perches on exposed branches. Coloration distinctive: birds are black above with a white chest and rusty orange belly. Black forehead “earmuffs” are unique among the region’s raptors. Inhabits lowland and foothill forests, where it is generally fairly uncommon. Rather social for a raptor, often seen preening and feeding together in small flocks.
Gray Fantail
Rhipidura albiscapa
Small songbird with long, pale-tipped tail, tiny, thin bill. Gray above, pale below, with narrow pale wingbars and a thin black border between white throat and chest. Frequently cocks and fans tail. Subspecies vary in upperparts tone and extent of white in the tail. Inhabits wide range of habitats, very active in foraging, and rarely perches in the same place for long.
Narrow-billed Tody
Todus angustirostris
A small, gemlike species that prefers higher elevation moist woodlands, but also occurs in coffee plantations. The rather large head, long bill, and short tail create a profile shared only by the Broad-billed Tody within its range. Both species have bright green upperparts and a red throat and sides. Note especially the pale eyes of Narrow-billed Tody, as compared to the dark eyes of Broad-billed. Many Broad-billed also have a buff-yellow wash below, which the Narrow-billed lacks. On birds lacking buff below, the Broad-billed can be identified by its all red lower bill, which is black tipped in the Narrow-billed. Further clues to identification include altitude, with this species occurring above 700 meters elevation and the Broad-billed occurring mostly below 700 meters. The Broad-billed also tends to forage higher within woodlands on more open perches. Vocalizations include a buzzy “chik-zhwik” with second note slightly upslurred and a rapid buzzy chatter at about 14 notes per second; compare this with the quick “weep” or “whip” uttered by the Broad-billed.
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