Ocellated Poorwill
Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
Dark brown nightjar of humid forests. Smooth reddish brown overall with small black spots, a clean white throat band, and white tail corners. In flight, appears dark brown overall with white tail corners but no white wing patches. Look for it in mature rainforest, with or without dense understory. Song is a single quavering, reverberating note, “PEEur,” like plucking a taut string.
识别特征
The ocellated poorwill is 20 to 21 cm (7.9 to 8.3 in) long. Males weigh 35 to 43 g (1.2 to 1.5 oz) and females 29 to 44 g (1.0 to 1.6 oz). There are two color morphs, one brown and one rufous. The brown morph of the nominate is mostly dark grayish brown with blackish brown spots on the wings and white spots on the belly. The white spots somewhat resemble eyes, which gives the bird its name. It has a bold white band around the throat. The outer three or four tail feathers have narrow white tips. The rufous morph is paler and reddish brown instead of dark brown. N. o. lautus is smaller and the white tips on the tail are narrower. At least one author contends that its holotype is immature and that otherwise there are no color differences between the subspecies.
分类信息
At one time what is now the Choco poorwill (Nyctiphrynus rosenbergi) was considered a subspecies of the ocellated poorwill, but plumage, vocalization, and genetic differences showed it to be its own species. The ocellated poorwill now has two recognized subspecies, the nominate N. o. ocellatus and N. o. lautus. A proposed subspecies N. o. bergeni is included in the nominate.
- 学名
- Nyctiphrynus ocellatus
- 命名信息
- (Tschudi, 1844)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Caprimulgidae
- 属
- Nyctiphrynus
分布与栖息地
The ocellated poorwill has a disjunct distribution. The nominate is found in two parts of South America. One extends from southern Colombia through eastern Ecuador and Peru into Bolivia and east into Amazonian Brazil. The other is from southeastern Brazil west into eastern Paraguay and extreme northeastern Argentina. N. o. lautus is found in the border area of eastern Honduras and northeastern Nicaragua and in northwestern Costa Rica. There is one unconfirmed sight record in Panama. The species mostly inhabits lowland forest having an open understory and small clearings. It is also found in dense secondary forest. In elevation it has been reported from sea level to 1,350 m (4,400 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The ocellated poorwill is nocturnal. It forages by sallying from low perches. Its diet is insects of many kinds.<p>The ocellated poorwill's breeding seasons have not been defined though they are known to differ across its range. The clutch of two eggs is laid directly on the ground or on leaf litter without a nest, usually below some kind of cover. Both sexes incubate the eggs.<p>The male ocellated poorwill's song is "a repetitive trilled 'preeeo' or 'prEEoo'". The call is "a soft, guttural 'wah, wah, wah'."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Chestnut-bellied Partridge
Arborophila javanica
Brilliantly colored small partridge of montane and foothill forests. Often difficult to see in the gloom and tangle of shaded vegetation, but note slate-gray back and chest, rusty belly, and bright orange-and-black face pattern. Like other Arborophila partridges, typically forages on the forest floor in small groups. Song is a fast and gradually rising series of “whew” notes; when duetting, one bird gives the aforementioned song while its partner gives a slower, lower-pitched “boo-goo, boo-goo, boo-goo.”
Wood Thrush
Hylocichla mustelina
Boldly patterned thrush is bright rusty-brown above with black spots on the white belly. Smaller than a robin, but larger than Hermit Thrush. Sticks to wooded areas, often hopping on the ground. More often heard than seen: listen for its incredible, flute-like song. Population is declining; winters in Central America.
Vinaceous-breasted Amazon
Amazona vinacea
Rare parrot, usually associated with Araucaria forests but can be found in other forest types. The body is mostly green with a small red patch on the forehead (just between the eyes), wings, and at the base of the outer tail feathers. Has a prominent purple scaly breast, which looks very puffy when the feathers are erected. Pale yellow terminal band to the tail and blue flight feathers also good field-marks.
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