Bonin Petrel
Pterodroma hypoleuca
Medium-sized, long-tailed graceful seabird, breeding on outer islands of Japan. Grayish above, whitish below, with blackish “M” pattern in upperwing, blackish cap or cowl, and bold black bars in white underwing that form a unique pattern (with extensive black in the primaries). Black-winged Petrel has much narrower black bars in underwing and blackish trailing edge to upperwing. Plumage may also resemble much larger Hawaiian Petrel, but Hawaiian has darker crown and narrower black bars in underwing.
识别特征
The Bonin petrel is a small gadfly petrel, 30 cm long with a wingspan of around 67 cm. It has a white head with a black cap and face markings; overall the head often has a scaled appearance. Its pale grey upperparts have darker primaries and wing coverts creating an "M" mark across the back. The underwing is white with dark edging and a patch at the carpal joint and across underwing coverts. The tail is dark grey, and the rest of the plumage is white, except for a dark half collar on the breast. Like the rest of the Pterodroma petrels the black bill is short and hooked. The legs and feet are pink with dark patches.
分类信息
The Bonin petrel was formally described in 1888 by the English naturalist Osbert Salvin and given the binomial name Oestrelata hypoleuca. He specified the type location as the "Krusenstern Islands" instead of one of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. The Bonin petrel is now placed with the other gadfly petrels in the genus Pterodroma that was introduced by French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte in 1856. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek pteron meaning "wing" with dromos meaning "racer" or "runner". The specific epithet hypoleuca is from the Ancient Greek hupi meaning "beneath" with leukos meaning "white". Despite the species having two remote and separate breeding localities the species is monotypic and no subspecies are recognised.<p>The Bonin petrel is currently thought to be closely related to the mottled petrel and white-necked petrel in the subgenus Proaestrelata, based on a review of the whole genus Pterodroma looking at morphology, calls, breeding biology, diet and parasitic lice.
- 学名
- Pterodroma hypoleuca
- 命名信息
- (Salvin, 1888)
- 目
- Procellariiformes
- 科
- Procellariidae
- 属
- Pterodroma
分布与栖息地
Despite the species's name, 995,000 individuals, about 99% of the total population, breed on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, while 5,000 individuals (1% of the population) breed off the coast of Japan on the Ogasawara and Volcano Islands.
- 繁殖区
- PO : Ogasawara Is. (=Bonin) and Iwo Is. (=Volcano; se of Japan) and Kure Atoll to French Frigate Shoals (Northwestern Hawaiian Is.)
- 非繁殖区
- to Honshu (c Japan), Sakhalin and Kuril Is. (se Russia)
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Migration pattern: Complete migrants.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Buru Oriole
Oriolus bouroensis
A large gray-brown oriole with a straight, heavy bill. Main field mark is an ill-defined dark mask on the feathered face. Underparts paler than upperside. Juveniles display rufous-edged wings. Singles or pairs can be found in forest, forest edge, mangroves, and woodlands in lowlands and foothills. Similar to Buru Friarbird, but dark facial area is feathered, not bare; bill shape is thick and straight; and tail is shorter. Variable song consists of around three fluty notes, often rising and loudest on final note: “ku-wuWOOO.”
Stripe-breasted Seedeater
Crithagra striatipectus
Medium-sized brown, heavily streaked seedeater. Note the streaked underparts and boldly marked face with a streaked crown, white eyebrow, and broad dark brown patch through the eye. Found in woodland habitats including miombo. Gives a pretty, musical up-and-down song of whistles and trills. Calls include a nasal rising “tsewee.” Similar to Black-eared Seedeater, but the ear markings are dark brown rather than black. Formerly treated as a subspecies of Reichard’s Seedeater.
Madagascar Spinetail
Zoonavena grandidieri
Small, uniformly gray swift. With a very good view, pale rump and tiny spines on tail can be seen. Flies rigidly with wings pushed forwards. Seen in flight over and adjacent to all types of forest. On Madagascar, often nests and roosts in cavities of baobab trees. Similar in size and shape to Little Swift, but doesn’t show a bold white band on the rump, and has weaker flight. Similar in size to Malagasy Palm Swift, but has a much shorter square tail. Smaller and shorter-tailed than Madagascar Swift, with much weaker flight.
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