Tahiti Petrel
Pseudobulweria rostrata
Medium-sized seabird, mostly dark brown with a contrasting white belly. Look for the combination of very long narrow wings and a heavy bill. Flight style is typically rather relaxed with slow powerful wingbeats. Found over warm tropical waters, where it can be seen singly or in loose groups with other seabirds over productive feeding areas. Breeds on islands in the South Pacific.
识别特征
Adult Tahiti petrels are between 315 and 506 g and have wingspans averaging 104.5 cm long whereas their overall length is between 38-42 cm. The species is identifiable by its wedge-shaped tail, long wings and neck, small head, black, stout, and bulbous bill, dark brown eyes, and dark elongated body with white abdomen. In addition, adults are mostly dark brown with darker hoods and paler rumps. Their underwings have a faint white line along the middle with slightly paler flight feathers. Juveniles are similar to adults in plumage and females usually have smaller measurements.
分类信息
In 1848, Peale collected and described the first specimen of this species in Tahiti. Then, in 1917, the Tahiti petrel was separated into two subspecies: rostrata and trouessarti, due to trouessarti's more robust bill. Not only is there a physiological difference between the two, they are also found in different geographic locations. P. r. rostrata, the nominate subspecies, breeds in the west-central Pacific Ocean whereas P. r. trouessarti breeds in the tropical and subtropical Pacific Ocean. Also, after originally being classified as Pterodroma, genetic studies showed that the bird is instead a part of the Pseudobulweria genus. Furthermore, this study showed species distinction between the Mascarene petrel (Pseudobulweria aterrima) and the Tahiti petrel (Pseudobulweria aterrima) by analyzing phylogenetic histories. Indeed, the genus includes the Tahiti petrel, Beck's petrel (Pseudobulweria becki), the Fiji petrel (Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi), the Mascarene petrel (Pseudobulweria aterrima), and the Saint Helena petrel (Pterodroma rupinarum) which is now extinct. Similarly to the Mascarene petrel before gene analysis, Beck's petrel is currently considered a member of the Tahiti petrel species by some scientists due to the lack of specimens for research.
- 学名
- Pseudobulweria rostrata
- 命名信息
- (Peale, 1849)
- 目
- Procellariiformes
- 科
- Procellariidae
- 属
- Pseudobulweria
分布与栖息地
Despite its name, the Tahiti petrel is found across the Pacific Ocean. As discussed earlier, the subspecies breed in different areas of the ocean:<p>P. r. rostrata - Confirmed to breed in the American Samoa, Gambier Islands, Marquesas Islands, and Society Islands. Potentially breeds on Rarotonga of the Cook Islands as well.<p>P. r. trouessarti – Confirmed to breed in New Caledonia and Vanuatu.<p>Their non-breeding geographic distribution is Australia, Guam, and the Federated States of Micronesia. However, vagrant individuals have been identified all over South and Central America, Asia, and Oceania as seen below.<p>Vagrants have been found in Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Southern Territories, Guatemala, Indonesia, Japan, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Nauru, Nicaragua, Niue, Norfolk Island, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Pitcairn, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States Minor Outlying Islands, and Wallis and Futuna.<p>The Tahiti petrel requires both terrestrial and marine systems and is often found in both shallow and oceanic marine habitats as well as shrubland and forest habitat types. In terms of marine habitats, they prefer water with surface temperatures higher than 25°C. Consequently, El Niño events may have an influence on their abundance in waters of the East Pacific.
- 繁殖区
- PO : Grande Terre (New Caledonia), Gau (Fiji; sw Polynesia), American Samoa (c Polynesia), Society, Marquesas and Gambier is. (se Tuamotu Is.; e Polynesia)
- 非繁殖区
- to tropical Pacific Ocean waters off New Guinea and n Australia, and ec Pacific coast of Mexico and Central America
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Migration pattern: Complete migrants.
保护状况
Population trend: declining.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
其他鸟类
Southern Chestnut-breasted Wren
Cyphorhinus thoracicus
Found at higher elevations than other members of its genus. Shy and uncommon denizen of forest undergrowth from 1,100–2,000 m. Chunky and short-tailed, dark brown above with rich rufous neck and breast. Blue eyering. Sexes alike. Could recall an antbird, but especially note pointier bill with a thicker base. Typically found in pairs or small family groups foraging on or near the ground. More easily heard than seen: song consists of repeated phrases that can have eerie clear notes, infected whistles, or harsher phrases, but is slower and lower-pitched than the songs of other wrens in range. Usually gives the same phrase many times before switching to a new phrase.
Western Black-eared Wheatear
Oenanthe hispanica
A small, slim wheatear. Males striking: black wings contrast with a yellowish back and crown and a black mask through the eye. Throat can be white or black. Females have a more muted version of the male’s overall pattern. The tail has a complicated black-and-white pattern that is conspicuous in flight. Found in open habitats with scattered trees, including savanna, rocky mountain slopes, and barren pastures. Very similar to Eastern Black-eared Wheatear, but usually distinguished by more extensive and warmer yellow wash on the head, back, and breast. Also similar to Pied Wheatear, but male’s black face patch is not connected to the black wing, and female is warmer and browner than the grayish female Pied. Call is a dry, hoarse “chercher.” Song is a short jumble of primarily descending trills and harsher notes.
Rusty-belted Tapaculo
Liosceles thoracicus
Unusual long-tailed bird of rainforest understory. Gray above, white below, with a diffuse red-brown breast band and variable black barring. Walks and hops methodically on the ground or in low understory of mature rainforest. Heard more often than seen; listen for a loud, descending series of even paced toots, recalling a tinamou.
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