Golden-bellied Starfrontlet
Coeligena bonapartei
Large, long-billed hummingbird restricted to the eastern Andes of Colombia, where it inhabits high elevation cloud forest. Both sexes are clad in iridescent green and gold plumage. Similar to Blue-throated Starfrontlet; male is distinguished by his golden (not purple) belly; female lacks violet on flanks and has a bronzy (not bluish) rump. Prefers long, tubular flowers where often seen feeding nearly vertically, and occasionally visits feeders. Birds from the Perijá Mountains and the Venezuelan Andes are now considered to be separate species, Perija Starfrontlet and Merida Starfrontlet respectively.
识别特征
The golden-bellied starfrontlet is about 10.9 cm (4.3 in) long including its 3.0 cm (1.2 in) bill. Males weigh an average of 6.6 g (0.23 oz) and females 6.4 g (0.23 oz). Both sexes have a white spot behind the eye. Males have a blackish crown with a glittering green forehead. Their upper back is shining dark green that transitions through greenish copper to the golden orange rump. The throat and breast are glittering green and the throat has a small violet patch. The rest of the underparts are variable, from glittering copper to reddish gold. The slightly forked tail is golden bronzy green. The female's forehead is plain green; the rest of the upperparts are colored like the male's but are duller. The throat is plain buff and has green spots on its sides. The breast is mottled buff and green. The rest of the underparts are mostly cinnamon with a reddish gold belly and a coppery gold vent area. The tail feathers are bronze and sometimes have buff tips.
分类信息
The golden-bellied starfrontlet and most other members of genus Coeligena were at one time placed in genus Helianthea but have been in their current placement since the mid-1900s.<p>The International Ornithological Committee (IOC), the Clements taxonomy, and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World recognize the golden-bellied starfrontlet as a monotypic species separate from the Perija starfrontlet (C. consita) and golden-tailed starfrontlet (C. eso). The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society treats those three as subspecies of the golden-bellied starfrontlet sensu lato but is seeking proposals to elevate all three to species status.<p>The golden-bellied starfrontlet's specific epithet commemorates Charles Lucien Bonaparte.
- 学名
- Coeligena bonapartei
- 命名信息
- (Boissonneau, 1840)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Coeligena
分布与栖息地
The golden-bellied starfrontlet is found in the Eastern Andes of Colombia between Boyacá Department and the Metropolitan Area of Bogotá.<p>The species primarily inhabits the interior and edges of humid montane forest. It also occurs in dwarf forest and more open landscapes with scattered vegetation. In elevation it ranges from 1,400 to 3,200 m (4,600 to 10,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The golden-bellied starfrontlet is a year-round resident.<p>The golden-bellied starfrontlet gathers nectar from tubular flowers, usually at low to medium heights. It primarily feeds by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants. In addition to feeding on nectar it captures small arthropods by gleaning from foliage, hovering, and by hawking.<p>The golden-bellied starfrontlet's breeding season is not known in detail but appears to span from January to possibly July. Its nest, eggs, incubation length, and time to fledging have not been described.<p>Few recordings of the golden-bellied starfrontlet are available. Its vocalizations are known to include "a short twitter and a more complex chatter that rises and falls in pitch."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Laysan Finch
Telespiza cantans
A finch-billed Hawaiian honeycreeper endemic to the island of Laysan; does not occur in the main Hawaiian Islands. An introduced population occurs on Pearl and Hermes Atoll. Unlikely to be confused with any other species; the only other passerine bird on Laysan is the Millerbird, which lacks the Laysan Finch’s heavy bill. Males have a bright yellow head. Females are paler yellow and streaked.
Collared Redstart
Myioborus torquatus
Small, active warbler with diagnostic yellow face, dark collar, and orange crown. Flashes white outer tail feathers while foraging for insects. Found in montane forest and edges, often in pairs. Follows mixed feeding flocks, often moving quickly through the middle levels of the trees. Sexes alike.
White-winged Fairywren
Malurus leucopterus
A small bird with a long blue tail that is held cocked. Breeding males are usually brilliant sapphire blue with bright white wing patches. Females and nonbreeding males are very plain pale gray, and the patch between the eye and bill (lores) is also pale (compared to Purple-backed Fairywren which has very dark reddish lores). This species is typically found in very open and arid country with sparse bushes, where it often perches on the very top of bushes. Its call is a very fast trill.
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