White-vented Plumeleteer
Chalybura buffonii
Medium-sized hummingbird, male mostly green with turquoise tones. Female green above and gray below. On both sexes, note contrasting white undertail coverts to distinguish from other hummingbirds. Most similar to Bronze-tailed Plumeleteer, but tail dark blue-black, not bronzy. Usually seen singly at flowers in forest, edges, or shrubby second growth. Rarely visits feeders.
识别特征
The white-vented plumeleteer is 10.5 to 12 cm (4.1 to 4.7 in) long. Males weigh 6 to 7.3 g (0.21 to 0.26 oz) and females 5.9 to 7.9 g (0.21 to 0.28 oz). All of the subspecies except intermedia have a black bill and black feet; that one has a pinkish base to the mandible and pale pink to red feet. <p>Males of the nominate subspecies C. b. buffonii have mostly dark metallic green upperparts with a bronzy tinge to the crown and coppery bronze uppertail coverts. Their upper breast is bluish, lower breast bright metallic green, the lower belly whitish, and the undertail coverts long and white. Their tail is blue-black with a bronze gloss on the central feathers. Nominate females are paler metallic green above and gray below with green speckles on the side. Their tail is like the males' with the addition of dull gray tips on the outer feathers.<p>Subspecies C. b. micans is larger than the nominate. Males' central tail feathers are a deeper blue and females' undersides are a clearer gray. C. b. aeneicauda males are a more golden-green below than the nominate and their central tail feathers are bright bronze-green to copper-bronze. Females have pale gray underparts with sparse green flecks. C. b. caeruleogaster is the largest subspecies. The male has a bluish green throat and belly and a blue breast. Females have gray underparts with no flecking. C. b. intermedia males have a greenish-blue breast, a gray belly, and a dark blue tail.
分类信息
Most taxonomic systems assign five subspecies to the white-vented plumeleteer: <p>However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) assigns C. b. intermedia as a subspecies of bronze-tailed plumeleteer (C. urochrysia).<p>Both C. b. caeruleogaster and C. b. intermedia have at times been proposed as separate species.
- 学名
- Chalybura buffonii
- 命名信息
- (Lesson, RP, 1832)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Chalybura
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of white-vented plumeleteer are distributed thus:<p>The white-vented plumeleteer inhabits a variety of landscapes including the edges and interiors of dry, moist, and wet forests, semi-open woodlands, secondary forest, and scrublands. The subspecies differ somewhat in their requirements; only caeruleogaster and sometimes buffonii frequent the interior of wet forest. In elevation the species ranges from sea level to as high as 2,000 m (6,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-vented plumeleteer is not known to migrate or make seasonal movements.<p>The white-vented plumeleteer forages for nectar at a wide variety of flowering plants from the understory almost to the canopy. It mostly forages by trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowers, but also aggressively defends rich patches. In addition to nectar it catches small arthropods by hawking from a perch, hovering, and hover-gleaning from vegetation and spider webs.<p>The white-vented plumeleteer's breeding seasons vary across its range, including September in Panama, February to August in the Magdalena valley, June to November in the Eastern Andes, and perhaps year-round in parts of Venezuela. Its nest is a cup of plant down bound with spiderweb with moss and lichen on the outside. Nests have been found on tree branches as high as 2.5 m (8 ft) above the ground. The only nest that was closely monitored held two eggs and its single hatchling fledged in 21 days.<p>The white-vented plumeleteer's song has not been described in words, but it is known to make "chip" notes while foraging.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Bronze Parotia
Parotia berlepschi
A fairly large, short-tailed bird of mid-mountane forest canopy in the Foja Mountains. Male is mainly black with white flanks, bronzy-scaled chest and 6 antennalike feathers projecting from the back of the head. Note the blue eye. The female is dull brown above with rufous in the wing, strongly-barred underparts and pale bands above and below the eye. The male dances at a terrestrial display court. There are no other similar birds-of-paradise that co-occur. Vocalizations include loud rasps, rattles or a single or double-note squeak “wi-dik!”.
Galapagos Hawk
Buteo galapagoensis
Brown hawk endemic to Galápagos. Adult is quite dark and may appear nearly black in harsh light; also note white barring in wings and tail, and yellow at base of bill. Juvenile is washed with tawny with darker brown spots on underparts. Rests on exposed perches such as treetops and boulders. Hunts on the wing and sometimes hovers in place while searching for prey.
Toro Olive-Greenbul
Phyllastrephus hypochloris
A drab, long-tailed brownish greenbul. The upperparts are brown and the underparts paler olive-gray. Also note the long bill, brown eye, and slightly paler throat. Found in forest at low and middle elevations, preferring the understory and middle levels of the forest. Separation from other greenbuls is tricky. Very similar to Cabanis’s Greenbul, but lacks pale eye-ring and has darker underparts. More robust and longer-billed than other similarly dull greenbuls, such as Little Greenbul, with a slightly more contrastingly pale throat. The inconspicuous song is a series of low-pitched whistles, often followed by a descending series of several rasping calls. Also gives a series of scolding calls on an even pitch.
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