Scale-throated Hermit
Phaethornis eurynome
Only large hermit hummingbird in its range with black feathers on the throat giving it a scaled appearance. The bill is slightly curved. The back is olive-green and it has a strong mask. The tail is long and white-tipped. Similar to Dusky-throated Hermit, but Scale-throated Hermit is bigger with a longer tail. Found in the understory of humid and montane forests.
识别特征
The scale-throated hermit is about 14 to 14.5 cm (5.5 to 5.7 in) long. Males weigh 4.5 to 6 g (0.16 to 0.21 oz) and females 4 to 5 g (0.14 to 0.18 oz). This medium-sized hermit is olive green above with grayish underparts. Its dark throat whose feathers have lighter edges give the eponymous scaly appearance. The face has a black "mask" with a pale supercilium and gular stripe. Its tail feathers have white tips and the middle pair are longer than the others. The sexes are similar but the female has shorter wings and a less strongly decurved bill. The two subspecies have identical plumage but P. e. paraguayensis is significantly smaller than the nominate.
分类信息
Though the scale-throated hermit is a member of the large genus Phaethornis it seems to have no close relatives. It has two subspecies, the nominate P. e. eurynome and P. e. paraguayensis. A third proposed subspecies, P. e. pinheiroi, has not been accepted by most taxonomists. The supposed "black-billed hermit", described as P. nigrirostris, was proven to be a mutant P. eurynome with an all-black bill.
- 学名
- Phaethornis eurynome
- 命名信息
- (Lesson, RP, 1832)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Phaethornis
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of scale-throated hermit is found in southeastern Brazil from southeastern Bahia south to Rio Grande do Sul. P. e. paraguayensis is found in eastern Paraguay and northeastern Angentina's Misiones Province. It inhabits the understory of a variety of landscapes within the Atlantic Forest biome including lowland and montane rainforest, semi-deciduous forest, and mature secondary forest. In elevation it has been recorded from 100 to 2,250 m (330 to 7,400 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The scale-throated hermit is assumed to be sedentary but data are lacking.<p>The scale-throated hermit is a "trap-line" feeder like other hermit hummingbirds, visiting a circuit of a wide variety of flowering plants for nectar. It also consumes small arthropods.<p>The scale-throated hermit's breeding season in Brazil spans from September to March but has not been defined in the rest of its range. Its nest is a long cone-shaped cup made of plant fibers and spider web suspended under a long drooping leaf. They are often decorated with the lichen Spiloma roseum that stains the eggs and nesting female red. The clutch of two eggs is incubated by the female alone.<p>The scale-throated hermit's song is variable, "but typically comprises 2–4 notes, e.g. 'tsi-tseee....tsi-tseee..' or 'tsi-tsu-tseeé...tsi-tsu-tseeé...' etc." Its calls include "a plaintive 'tsew' and a more upslurred 'tsee'."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Grenada Flycatcher
Myiarchus nugator
A medium-sized “fly-catching” species of open woodlands and scrub including towns, preferring areas near palms; often sits still on perch for long periods of time before leaping forth in pursuit of insects. Grenada Flycatcher has a dull brown back and a yellow belly that contrasts with its gray chest and throat. The Caribbean Elaenia is passingly similar but is smaller with a proportionately small bill, and it has bold wingbars and dull, low-contrast underparts. Vocalizations include an emphatic low “whip” given in a slow series and sometimes followed by a rolling “pit-it-oooo.” Also, this species gives a shrill “whee,” singly or in series.
White-collared Yuhina
Parayuhina diademata
Small brown bird with a flashy white patch on the back of an erect crest. Inhabits broadleaved forests and adjacent second growth, parks, and gardens in hilly and montane regions. Often travels in flocks, sometimes associating with other species. Usually forages at middle levels in the forest. Gives dry trills and buzzy whistles.
Gray-headed Goshawk
Tachyspiza poliocephala
An Inconspicuous, mid-sized raptor of the lowland and foothill forest interior. Dark eye, dark gray back, pale gray head and whitish belly, although a rare, dark-bellied form also occurs. Scans the forest floor from the mid-story for reptiles and insects. Orange facial skin and legs make it unmistakable in its range. Call, a high pitched “wi-ki-ki!” or longer series, sometimes given while stretching its wings straight up above its back, in display.
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