White-throated Hawk
Buteo albigula
Locally fairly common summer breeder in temperate rainforests of southern Chile and adjacent Argentina; migrates north in March–April to winter in Andes from Bolivia to Venezuela, returning in September–October. Usually seen in flight over forest and edge, circling high or kiting motionless in the wind; rarely seen perched. Note dark head and clean white throat, diagnostic dark “armpits,” and rather flat-winged gliding with wingtips curled up slightly. Compare with immatures of the larger Variable and Rufous-tailed Hawks.
识别特征
The white-throated hawk is 38 to 48 cm (15 to 19 in) long with an 84 to 102 cm (33 to 40 in) wingspan. Females are up to 20% larger than males and both sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a brownish black face and upperparts. Their tail has a dark brown upper surface and a grayish lower surface with up to 10 narrow dark bands. Their chin, throat, and underparts are white with brown streaking on the breast and belly and rufous barring on the thighs. Their eye is brown and their cere, legs, and feet yellow. Juveniles are similar to adults but with heavy blackish streaking on the breast and flanks, streaked cheeks, and buff thighs with brown bars.
分类信息
The white-throated hawk has at various times been considered a dubious taxon, a subspecies of short-tailed hawk (B. brachyurus), or a sister species with the short-tailed. None of these treatments are currently (2022) accepted. The white-throated hawk is monotypic.
- 学名
- Buteo albigula
- 命名信息
- Philippi, 1899
- 目
- Accipitriformes
- 科
- Accipitridae
- 属
- Buteo
分布与栖息地
The white-throated hawk is found in the Andes from northwestern Venezuela south through Colombia and Ecuador into Peru and Bolivia and in central Chile and western Argentina. It inhabits humid montane forest, elfin forest, cloudforest and adjacent open landscapes such as puna grassland. In the northern part of its range it is found at elevations between 1,700 and 3,500 m (5,600 and 11,500 ft), in Patagonia between 1,000 and 2,000 m (3,300 and 6,600 ft), and in Chile from near sea level to 1,200 m (3,900 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-throated hawk is certainly migratory in the southern part of its range, moving north in the non-breeding season. Its behavior in its northern range is not well known. Some authors believe that all of the northern occurrences are by migrants from the south; others believe that at least in some northern areas they are year-round residents with some migrants from the south also present in the austral winter. The South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society lists it as a non-breeding visitor to Bolivia and Ecuador, hinting that it only passes through those countries in migration.<p>The white-throated hawk's hunting strategy has not been documented. Its diet has not been extensively studied but is known to include insects, rodents, and birds, the last as large as Magellanic woodpecker (Campephilus magellanicus).<p>The white-throated hawk is known to breed only in Chile and Argentina, though there is limited evidence that it also breeds in parts of its northern range. Its breeding season spans from September at least to April. Pairs make undulating display flights. The nest is made of live and dead sticks and often is covered with lichen, and is placed 13 to 22 m (43 to 72 ft) above the ground. The clutch size is one or two eggs that are incubated mostly by the female. The incubation period is about one month and fledging occurs about 40 days after hatch. Males provision the female and young.<p>The white-throated hawk is thought to be mostly silent. It does make a "squealing 'kee-ah' during breeding season".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Short-tailed Pipit
Anthus brachyurus
Small pipit with a dark brown back and heavily streaked breast. The tail is short and edged in white; this is conspicuous in flight. Found in short grassland, including recently burned areas. Uncommon to rare throughout its range and far less conspicuous than other pipits; most often seen when flushed. The song is an alternating series of slurred notes, given in flight. Call is a quiet “sveet”. Similar to Bush Pipit, but darker, more heavily streaked below, and with a shorter tail.
Philippine Leaf Warbler
Phylloscopus olivaceus
A small bird of forests from the lowlands to low elevations in the mountains. Olive-green on the back with golden-olive wings and tail and a dark crown and eye-stripe. Whitish on the belly and throat with a pale yellow eyebrow and yellow under the base of the tail. Note the dark pinkish legs and the bicolored bill, dark above and orange below. Similar to Lemon-throated Leaf Warbler, but has a whitish throat. Differs from Arctic-type warblers in lacking any wingbars. Song consists of a lazy up-and-down sequence of high-pitched whistled notes.
Madagascar Blue-Pigeon
Alectroenas madagascariensis
Medium-sized chunky pigeon that is dark blue with a maroon tail. Appears short-tailed in flight. Found in and around rainforest in eastern, central, and northern Madagascar. Most often seen perched up conspicuously on emergent trees, feeding on fruiting trees, or in flight in small flocks. Virtually silent, which is very unusual for a pigeon. Dark-blue coloration separates it from all other pigeons on Madagascar.
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