Izu Thrush
Turdus celaenops
Handsome songbird found only on Izu, Tokara, and a few other islands off the coast of Japan, where fairly common, most abundant in broadleaf evergreen forests. Male orange-brown above, rich orange below, with black hood, yellow bill, and yellow eyering. Female lacks male’s hood and intense colors; very similar to female and young Brown-headed Thrush but has extensive black spotting on the undertail coverts. Song recalls Japanese Robin’s.
识别特征
The Izu thrush is about 23cm long. Their back and tails are black and they have a yellow eye-ring and bill, brown wings, and a rust-red chest. The males have darker plumage than that of the females.
分类信息
- 学名
- Turdus celaenops
- 命名信息
- Stejneger, 1887
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Turdidae
- 属
- Turdus
分布与栖息地
The Izu thrush is an endemic bird of Japan. Most are on the Izu Islands. On Izu Ōshima, Miyakejima and Mikurajima they sing two syllables. The song of the population ofHachijojima 90 km south sounds entirely different with one syllable. On their last island of the chain Aogashima they have more syllables.Some less densely populated are on the Tokara Islands Yakushima, Kuchinoshima, Nakanoshima, Tairajima, Akusekijima and Takarajima. On Nakanoshima the song is composed of more syllables. In addition, there are wintering records from Shizuoka, Chiba, Mie and Wakayama Prefectures.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Izu thrushes eat small animals, such as earthworms and insects, and fruits, like cherries or mullberries.<p>The Izu Thrush's breeding season is March to July. During the first half of this season, the male will sing at dawn, but will, during the second half, sing throughout the day. One source described their song as 'kyurrr, chotts' and their call as 'tweet' or 'chat, chat, chat". They build their nests in trees about half a metre from the ground. They use soil to bind the materials, such as grass and moss, together. While the clutch can have as many as five or as few as two eggs, most clutches are of three to four eggs. The eggs are blue with brown spots and are roughly 3cm long. Both parents look after the chicks.<p>Since the introduction of weasels, the fledgling rate has significantly decreased.
保护状况
The izu thrush is described as a vulnerable species by the IUCN Red List. There are between 2500 and 9999 thousand mature individuals and the population is decreasing, though it is not severely fragmented. The amount and/or quality of their habitat is decreasing. They are threatened by volcanoes, roads, railroads, wood plantations, tourism areas, and both native and invasive species and diseases.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Rodrigues Warbler
Acrocephalus rodericanus
A medium-sized yellowish-olive bird with a long tail that is often flipped up and down. Endemic to the remote island of Rodrigues. Found in secondary forest, scrub, and plantations. Feeds both in the undergrowth and up into the canopy. The cheerful song is a quick series of several musical warbling notes in an up-and-down pattern. The calls include “chek” notes and rattling scolds. There are no other warblers or otherwise similar species on Rodrigues, so identification is simple.
California Scrub-Jay
Aphelocoma californica
Attractive jay of oak woodlands, dry scrublands, and mixed pine-oak. Royal blue above with gray-brown back and light grayish underparts. Flight style is often distinctive, a series of quick wingbeats followed by a stiff glide. Typically in small groups. Listen for scratchy, nasal calls. Regularly visits backyards and feeders. Most similar to Woodhouse’s Scrub-Jay (and once considered the same species), but usually separable by range. Also note California Scrub-Jay is darker and more richly colored, with a more obvious blue breast band.
Vega Gull
Larus vegae
A large, sturdy gull of East Asia. Adults have a fairly pale gray back, pale eye, and dull pinkish legs. Takes four years for immatures to progress from mostly brown to fully white and gray adult plumage; intermediate plumages are often mottled and messy. Extremely variable plumage can make identification tricky. Occurs inland and along the coast, frequenting river mouths, harbors, beaches, lakes, and ponds. Often forms flocks with other gulls. Back color of adults generally a shade darker than that of American Herring Gull. Very similar to Mongolian Gull, and separation is tricky, but has a larger head and bill; adults also generally have pinker legs.
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