White-chinned Swift
Cypseloides cryptus
Medium-sized, dark swift. Infrequently seen, patchily distributed, and extremely difficult to identify. Note short, square tail, and overall dark gray color. Limited whitish frosting on chin and lores is nearly impossible to see in the field, and even difficult to confidently assess from photos. Often shows some whitish scaling around the vent. Spot-fronted Swift is very similar but, with a good view, shows larger white spots on the face and behind the eye. However, juvenile plumage of both species is poorly known and causes even more confusion. White-chinned occurs from Belize south to Peru and east to the Guianas, and can be found at a wide elevation range, from 3,000 m all the way down to the lowlands. Often found in mixed flocks with other swifts, including White-collared, Chestnut-collared, and Spot-fronted.
识别特征
The white-chinned swift is about 15 cm (5.9 in) long and weighs about 35 g (1.2 oz). The sexes are alike. They have a dark brown crown and cheeks, a short white streak above the eye, a white chin, and a dark brown throat. Their back and rump are blackish brown and the wings and tail slightly darker. Their undersides are paler than the back and rump and the underside of the wing is paler than the upper side.
分类信息
The white-chinned swift is monotypic. Some authors consider it and the white-fronted swift (Cypseloides storeri) to form a superspecies. Others consider it more closely related to the sooty swift (C. fumigatus) and Rothschild's swift (C. rothschildi) or that all three of them are a single species.
- 学名
- Cypseloides cryptus
- 命名信息
- Zimmer, JT, 1945
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Apodidae
- 属
- Cypseloides
分布与栖息地
The white-chinned swift is widely but very patchily distributed. It has been confirmed to nest only in Costa Rica and at one location in northern Brazil. There are sight records in Mexico and very few confirmed records in Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. There are somewhat more records in Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It has occurred as a vagrant in French Guiana and there is at least one sight record in Bolivia.<p>The white-chinned swift has mostly been recorded over evergreen montane and lowland forests, but also occurs at pastures and young secondary forest. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 3,000 m (9,800 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Whether the white-chinned swift is resident or migratory at any of its locations is unknown.<p>Like all swifts, the white-chinned is an aerial insectivore. Its prey includes Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, and Homoptera. It usually forages in flocks, often with other swifts.<p>Most information about the white-chinned swift's breeding is from Costa Rica. There it lays eggs from early May into early June. It builds a nest of moss, liverworts, and mud on a rock wall near or behind a waterfall. It is usually in a crevice or under a small overhang and often has overhanging vegetation. The clutch size is one egg. The incubation period is about 30 days and fledging occurs 55 to 58 days after hatch. At the one Brazilian nesting location, nests were active in July. The construction and siting of nests was similar to those in Costa Rica but the incubation length and time to fledging are not known.<p>The white-chinned swift's vocalizations have been described as "sharp chips and more melodious chirping notes; also explosive, staccato clicking notes", and they also make "single dry tick notes".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black-girdled Barbet
Capito dayi
Stocky bird with a stout bill. Plumage is largely black and white, but the male has a red cap, and both sexes have a red vent. Canopy dweller in humid forests, including the forest edge; often seen at fruiting trees. Accompanies mixed-species flocks. Sings a series of low, hollow “hooo” notes that accelerates towards the end, similar to the songs of some antthrushes.
Capped White-eye
Zosterops fuscicapilla
A small bird of montane forest and edge. Olive green above, blending to yellow on the belly and under the base of the tail. Note the black face and crown, and prominent white eye-ring. Often found in large flocks. All the other white-eyes on New Guinea have whitish underparts. Song, an arhythmic series of notes not varying much in pitch.
Nepal Fulvetta
Alcippe nipalensis
Very similar to Yunnan, David’s, and other “gray-cheeked” fulvettas, but with a more pronounced pale eye-ring and black brow stripe, as well as warmer sepia tones on the wings and a white chin. Inhabits foothill to highland forests and edges, where it roves around in flocks, foraging in the middle and lower levels. Call notes are composed of buzzy chatters. Song is a short series of rather harsh notes, similar to that of the other “gray-cheeked” fulvettas, but averaging slower.
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