Oriental Magpie
Pica serica
Conspicuous black-and-white bird with a long tail; wings and tail shine with green and blue gloss in good lighting. A common inhabitant of open and semi-open habitats such as fields and farmlands, often seen perched up on power lines or fence posts. Bulky nests often placed prominently in tall trees or cell towers. Gives loud chattering calls comparable to the noises of an old camera: “chachacha!”
识别特征
Compared to the Eurasian magpie, it is somewhat stockier, with a proportionally shorter tail and longer wings. The back, tail, and particularly the remiges show strong purplish-blue iridescence with few if any green hues. They are the largest magpies. They have a rump plumage that is mostly black, with but a few and often hidden traces of the white band which connects the white shoulder patches in their relatives.The Oriental magpie has the same call as the Eurasian magpie, albeit much softer.
分类信息
A 2003 study comparing 813 bp mtDNA sequences led to the split of the Oriental magpie from the Eurasian magpie. It has been reproductively isolated for longer even than the yellow-billed magpie (P. nuttalli) of North America. Proposed subspecies include P. p. jankowskii and P. p. japonica.<p>The Oriental magpie's evolution as a distinct lineage started considerably earlier than the Gelasian date of c.2 million years ago (Ma) indicated by a molecular clock analysis. The assumed divergence rate – 1.6% point mutations per Ma – is appropriate for a long-lived passerine, but hybridization – which as only mtDNA was used would be hard to detect – and the few specimens analyzed make the molecular clock estimate just an approximation. Meanwhile, the fossil record of North American magpies has a specimen – UCMP 43386, a left tarsometatarsus from Palo Duro Falls (Randall County, Texas) – which is probably from the Early Pleistocene Irvingtonian age, around 2–1 Ma. It shows the distinct features of a black-billed magpie (P. (p.) hudsonia), though it might be from a common ancestor of black- and yellow-billed magpies. This was not used to calibrate the molecular clock analysis, but accounting for the phylogenetic hypothesis it appears more likely that the Korean magpie's ancestors diverged from other Pica in the Early Pliocene already, perhaps 5–4.5 Ma, antedating the uplift of the Sierra Nevada which cut off most gene flow between the two North American populations. Residual gene flow between them (and between the two (or more?) Eurasian magpie lineages) until the onset of the Quaternary glaciation some 2.6–2 Ma may also have skewed the molecular clock results.<p>Like the other magpies, the Oriental magpie is a member of the large radiation of mainly Holarctic corvids, which also includes the typical crows and ravens (Corvus) nutcrackers (Nucifraga) and Old World jays. The long tail might be plesiomorphic for this group, as it is also found in the tropical Asian magpies (Cissa and Urocissa) as well as in most of the very basal corvids, such as the treepies. The unique black-and-white color pattern of the "monochrome" magpies is an autapomorphy.
- 学名
- Pica serica
- 命名信息
- Gould, 1845
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Corvidae
- 属
- Pica
照片
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Large-billed Gerygone
Gerygone magnirostris
Small bird with thin bill that is more substantial than most other gerygones’. Upperparts brown, underparts off-white, with pale broken eyering and bright red eye. Juvenile lacks red eye and has yellow gape (base of bill). Similar Mangrove Gerygone has smaller bill, no split eyering, and a more delicate, less frantic song; Brown Gerygone has a smaller bill, unmusical "which-is-it" song. Inhabits mangroves, thick riparian vegetation.
White-bellied Piculet
Picumnus spilogaster
Tiny woodpecker of gallery and coastal forests, including mangroves. Variable in appearance; generally told from other piculets by lack of barring or scalloping on belly, although many individuals have some barring on breast and irregular black spotting on flanks, whereas some are almost entirely unmarked below. Forages at middle and canopy levels, alone or with mixed-species flocks. Climbs along branches and vines, boring into decaying wood for insect prey.
Coal-crested Finch
Charitospiza eucosma
Handsome finch with a spiky crest. Males have a black band from the head to the center of the belly, a silver back, and brown-yellow underparts. Female lacks the black band. Occurs in savanna with shrubby areas and scattered trees, and also in caatinga habitat. Mostly forages on the ground, but also can be seen in low trees and bushes.
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