White-bellied Piculet
Picumnus spilogaster
Tiny woodpecker of gallery and coastal forests, including mangroves. Variable in appearance; generally told from other piculets by lack of barring or scalloping on belly, although many individuals have some barring on breast and irregular black spotting on flanks, whereas some are almost entirely unmarked below. Forages at middle and canopy levels, alone or with mixed-species flocks. Climbs along branches and vines, boring into decaying wood for insect prey.
识别特征
The white-bellied piculet is 8 to 9.2 cm (3.1 to 3.6 in) long and weighs 7 to 12 g (0.25 to 0.42 oz). Adult males of the nominate subspecies P. s. spilogaster have a black cap with a red patch on the forehead and white spots on the rest of it. Their face is mostly dark brown with white tips on some feathers. Their upperparts are olive brown with diffuse pale grayish barring. Their flight feathers are brown with light buff edges, especially on the secondaries and tertials. Their tail is dark brown; the innermost pair of feathers have mostly white inner webs and the outer two pairs have mostly white outer webs. Their chin, throat, and sides of the neck feathers are whitish with blackish bars. Their upper breast is pale yellowish buff with broad black bars and the lower breast and belly are creamy white with wide black spots. Adult females are identical but for no red on the forehead. Juveniles are more heavily barred than adults and have buffier underparts.<p>Subspecies P. s. orinocensis has mostly plain underparts, sometimes with vermiculation on the flanks. P. s. pallidus is essentially the same as the nominate but slightly smaller with a shorter tail.
分类信息
The white-bellied piculet has these three subspecies:<p>The species was at one time known as P. leucogaster and has also sometimes been treated as a synonym of the arrowhead piculet (P. minutissimus). Subspecies P. s. pallidus has been treated as a separate species and also as a subspecies of the arrowhead piculet. What is now the black-dotted piculet (P. nigropunctatus) has sometimes been treated as a subspecies of the white-bellied.
- 学名
- Picumnus spilogaster
- 命名信息
- Sundevall, 1866
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Picumnus
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of white-bellied piculet is found in northern Guyana and northern Brazil's state of Roraima. P. s. orinocensis is found in central Venezuela along the Rio Meta and Rio Orinoco. P. s. pallidus is found in the Belém area of Brazil's Pará state. The species inhabits a variety of wooded landscapes including rainforest, gallery forest, deciduous forest, mangroves, and open woodland. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to about 100 m (330 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
As far as is known, the white-bellied piculet is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The white-bellied piculet has been observed feeding in pairs but nothing is known about its foraging technique or diet.<p>The white-bellied piculet's breeding season is probably from September to November, but nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The white-bellied piculet's vocalization is a very high to extremely high "descending, shivering, slow trill."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Green Oropendola
Psarocolius viridis
Large, stocky bird. Green-and-chestnut plumage can look mostly black under some conditions and at a distance. Note size, yellow tail, and deep, rowing wingbeats. Reliably distinguished from other green-plumaged oropendolas by pale green-and-red bill. Found in rainforest canopy and edges as well as along rivers, in villages, and in savanna woodlands. Groups move noisily through the forest canopy in search of fruit and flowers. Large flocks are sometimes seen commuting between roosting and feeding areas. Distinctive song of male can be heard at a great distance.
Allen's Hummingbird
Selasphorus sasin
Extremely similar to widespread Rufous Hummingbird; identical in plumage except for males' solid green back (which can be shown by Rufous too). Breeds only along a narrow strip of coastal California and southern Oregon. On females and immature males, the only way to separate them from Rufous is by the shape of the tail feathers, which is extremely difficult to determine without good photographs.
Marabou Stork
Leptoptilos crumenifer
This huge, macabre-looking stork has a massive dagger-like bill and naked pink head and neck that appear severely sunburned. A white ruff and loose inflatable skin on the neck add to its odd appearance. It soars effortlessly at great heights searching for food; note its white belly in flight. Marabous are equally content in wetlands or in dry bush; they are most frequently encountered lurking near carrion, as they attend kills of major predators and will opportunistically snatch scraps. They also readily scavenge around humans and waste dumps.
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