White-bellied Piculet
Picumnus spilogaster
Tiny woodpecker of gallery and coastal forests, including mangroves. Variable in appearance; generally told from other piculets by lack of barring or scalloping on belly, although many individuals have some barring on breast and irregular black spotting on flanks, whereas some are almost entirely unmarked below. Forages at middle and canopy levels, alone or with mixed-species flocks. Climbs along branches and vines, boring into decaying wood for insect prey.
识别特征
The white-bellied piculet is 8 to 9.2 cm (3.1 to 3.6 in) long and weighs 7 to 12 g (0.25 to 0.42 oz). Adult males of the nominate subspecies P. s. spilogaster have a black cap with a red patch on the forehead and white spots on the rest of it. Their face is mostly dark brown with white tips on some feathers. Their upperparts are olive brown with diffuse pale grayish barring. Their flight feathers are brown with light buff edges, especially on the secondaries and tertials. Their tail is dark brown; the innermost pair of feathers have mostly white inner webs and the outer two pairs have mostly white outer webs. Their chin, throat, and sides of the neck feathers are whitish with blackish bars. Their upper breast is pale yellowish buff with broad black bars and the lower breast and belly are creamy white with wide black spots. Adult females are identical but for no red on the forehead. Juveniles are more heavily barred than adults and have buffier underparts.<p>Subspecies P. s. orinocensis has mostly plain underparts, sometimes with vermiculation on the flanks. P. s. pallidus is essentially the same as the nominate but slightly smaller with a shorter tail.
分类信息
The white-bellied piculet has these three subspecies:<p>The species was at one time known as P. leucogaster and has also sometimes been treated as a synonym of the arrowhead piculet (P. minutissimus). Subspecies P. s. pallidus has been treated as a separate species and also as a subspecies of the arrowhead piculet. What is now the black-dotted piculet (P. nigropunctatus) has sometimes been treated as a subspecies of the white-bellied.
- 学名
- Picumnus spilogaster
- 命名信息
- Sundevall, 1866
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Picumnus
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of white-bellied piculet is found in northern Guyana and northern Brazil's state of Roraima. P. s. orinocensis is found in central Venezuela along the Rio Meta and Rio Orinoco. P. s. pallidus is found in the Belém area of Brazil's Pará state. The species inhabits a variety of wooded landscapes including rainforest, gallery forest, deciduous forest, mangroves, and open woodland. In elevation it ranges from near sea level to about 100 m (330 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
As far as is known, the white-bellied piculet is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The white-bellied piculet has been observed feeding in pairs but nothing is known about its foraging technique or diet.<p>The white-bellied piculet's breeding season is probably from September to November, but nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The white-bellied piculet's vocalization is a very high to extremely high "descending, shivering, slow trill."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Chordeiles gundlachii
Long-winged nightbird with intricate brown and gray patterning. Very similar to Common Nighthawk, best distinguished by voice. Gives a rapid series of hard, buzzy notes: "drik-rik-rik-rik." A Caribbean species; in the U.S., found only on the Florida Keys. Prefers open areas with mix of grass, bare ground, and shrubs. Nocturnal but can be seen hunting around dawn and dusk, searching for insects in flight.
Eurasian Griffon
Gyps fulvus
Massive tricolored vulture with whitish head and neck, pale brown body, and contrasting dark flight feathers. Juveniles similar but with a pale brown rather than white neck ruff. Nests in colonies on cliff ledges; often seen in loose flocks soaring over valleys and mountainsides but always in search of updrafts and thermals. Still the commonest vulture over much of its breeding range. Some populations are resident while others are highly migratory.
Scissor-tailed Nightjar
Hydropsalis torquata
Boldly marked nightjar; streaked brown, gray, and buff above and barred brown below with a prominent rufous neck patch. Males have spectacular scissor-shaped tail extensions, dark on the outside, pale on the inside. Tail of females is short with no white. Fairly common in grasslands with scattered bushes and at forest edges.
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