White-winged Robin
Melanodryas sigillata
A fairly small bird of upper montane forest. An all black bird with an obvious white mark in the wing. Western birds also have a white mark at the shoulder. Perches low down, often on vertical, mossy trunks, scanning the ground for insects. Similar to White-rumped Robin but does not overlap in altitude. Also similar to Pied Bushchat of grasslands, but White-winged Robin is found in forest and lacks the white rump. Voice, a medium-pitch, descending trill and rasping notes.
识别特征
Measuring 14 to 15 centimetres (5.5 to 5.9 in), the adult white-winged robin has black plumage, with largely white wings. The male and female are identical. The bill and feet are black, and the eyes are dark brown. Juveniles have a variable streaked brown plumage.
分类信息
Described by English naturalist, Charles Walter De Vis, in 1890, the white-winged robin is a member of the Australasian robin family Petroicidae. Sibley and Ahlquist's DNA-DNA hybridisation studies placed this group in a Corvida parvorder comprising many tropical and Australian passerines, including pardalotes, fairy-wrens, honeyeaters, and crows. However, subsequent molecular research (and current consensus) places the robins as a very early offshoot of the Passerida (or "advanced" songbirds) within the songbird lineage.<p>Within the species, three subspecies are recognised—the nominate subspecies, which is found on the main mountain range along New Guinea from the Bismarck Range eastwards, subspecies hagenensis from Mount Hagen west into Irian Jaya, and subspecies saruwagedi of the Huon Peninsula.
- 学名
- Melanodryas sigillata
- 命名信息
- (De Vis, 1890)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Petroicidae
- 属
- Melanodryas
分布与栖息地
The white-winged robin is found in the New Guinea Highlands. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is found in the highlands of New Guinea at elevations of 2,400 to 3,900 metres (7,900 to 12,800 ft) and is replaced by the slaty robin at lower elevations.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Within the forest the robin is found in pairs or small troops of several birds in the understory or on the ground. It is insectivorous, but does also eat some seeds. The somewhat bulky cup-shaped nest is constructed in a tree fork.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
其他鸟类
Slender-billed Xenops
Xenops tenuirostris
A small, brown bird of rainforest canopy. Note upturned mandible, white whisker mark, and pale streaking on underparts and back. Follows mixed-species flocks in the canopy but is rarely encountered. Bores into dead twigs and vines for insects, and may climb briefly on larger branches to probe bark crevices. Song is 4–6 high notes, dropping slightly in pitch at end; delivered forcefully but with a thin quality and thus easily overlooked. In central and western Amazonia, compare with very similar Streaked Xenops, from which it is best separated by Slender-billed’s slower song. Readily distinguished from Rufous-tailed Xenops by prominent white whisker streak.
Levaillant's Woodpecker
Picus vaillantii
A medium-sized green woodpecker with a gray face, black mustache, and pale eye; the only green woodpecker in its range. Similar to Iberian Green Woodpecker, found across the Strait of Gibraltar, but ranges do not overlap. Breeds in open dry forest and adjacent wooded parks and plantations in the mountains and foothills of the Atlas range; often in areas with oaks and conifers. Gives a loud, laughter-like “kee-hahahaha”, as well as a series of short “tik” notes. Often gives a fast, even drum.
Tawny-breasted Honeyeater
Xanthotis flaviventer
Large honeyeater found in wetter forested habitats in New Guinea and northern Cape York. Dark brown above, paler buff-brown below, with gray neck and face. Black bill fairly long and decurved. White gape line curves beneath eye and onto cheek. In addition to eating nectar, this species also searches bark for insects.
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