Slender-billed Xenops
Xenops tenuirostris
A small, brown bird of rainforest canopy. Note upturned mandible, white whisker mark, and pale streaking on underparts and back. Follows mixed-species flocks in the canopy but is rarely encountered. Bores into dead twigs and vines for insects, and may climb briefly on larger branches to probe bark crevices. Song is 4–6 high notes, dropping slightly in pitch at end; delivered forcefully but with a thin quality and thus easily overlooked. In central and western Amazonia, compare with very similar Streaked Xenops, from which it is best separated by Slender-billed’s slower song. Readily distinguished from Rufous-tailed Xenops by prominent white whisker streak.
识别特征
The slender-billed xenops is 10 to 11.5 cm (3.9 to 4.5 in) long and weighs 9 to 11 g (0.32 to 0.39 oz). Its namesake bill is wedge-shaped, and longer and thinner than those of other xenops. The sexes are alike. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a blackish brown face with a dark brown crown that is spotted and streaked buff, a buffish white supercilium, and a pure white malar streak. Their back is rufescent brown with short, wide, elongated creamy buff spots on its upper part. Their rump and uppertail coverts are reddish rufous. Their tail's central and outermost pairs of feathers are rufous and the others mixed black and rufous; the black is visible in the field. Their wing coverts are dark brown with rufous edges and their flight feathers are blackish brown with a wide rufous band near their ends. Their chin and throat are pale buff with olive-brown streaks at the lower edge, their breast dull olive-brown with crisp pale buff streaks, their belly dull olive-brown with narrower buff streaks, and their undertail coverts dull olive-brown with pale buff streaks along their shafts. Their iris is brown to dark brown, their bill has a black or brownish maxilla and a black mandible with a lighter base, and their legs and feet are dark blue-gray to black.<p>Subspecies X. t. acutirostris has a darker back with larger streaks than the nominate, darker and more grayish olive underparts with wider whitish streaks, and a more slender bill. X. t. hellmayri more closely resembles the nominate, though its crown is slightly darker with more distinct streaks, its supercilium, neck, and throat are bright buff, and its underparts more brownish.
分类信息
The slender-billed xenops has three subspecies, the nominate X. t. tenuirostris (Pelzeln, 1859), X. t. acutirostris (Chapman, 1923), and X. t. hellmayri (Todd, 1925).
- 学名
- Xenops tenuirostris
- 命名信息
- Pelzeln, 1859
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Xenops
分布与栖息地
Subspecies X. t. acutirostris of the slender-billed xenops is found from western Guayana, southern Venezuela, and southeastern Colombia south through eastern Ecuador into northeastern Peru. X. t. hellmayri is found in Suriname and French Guiana. X. t. tenuirostris is found from southeastern Peru and northern Bolivia east into Brazil south of the Amazon River to Pará state. However, there is evidence that some populations may be mis-assigned: Birds in Venezuela do not closely resemble others of acutirostris, and those in Guyana might belong to hellmayri.<p>The slender-billed xenops inhabits humid lowland and flooded evergreen forest. In most of its range it occurs below 600 m (2,000 ft) but it reaches 900 m (3,000 ft) in Colombia and locally to 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in the Andean foothills.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The slender-billed xenops is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The slender-billed xenops' diet is almost entirely arthropods. It usually forages as a member of mixed-species feeding flocks, and mostly in the forest's subcanopy and canopy. It hammers and gleans while hitching along branches.<p>Nothing is known about the slender-billed xenops' breeding biology.<p>The slender-billed xenops' song is a series of four or five notes variously described as "tseep" and "tsip".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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