Eurasian Bullfinch
Pyrrhula pyrrhula
Uncommon to fairly common, but unobtrusive and easily overlooked. Favors mixed woodland and edge, parks, gardens, orchards; also farmland with hedges and wooded patches. Usually found in pairs or small groups, feeding quietly and sluggishly on buds and fruits; does not usually visit feeders. Male handsome and distinctive, with black cap, bright pink cheeks and breast, blue-gray back; female colors muted, but note distinctive black cap, stubby black bill. White rump patch shows mainly in flight. Soft, plaintive whistled notes may draw attention.
识别特征
The Eurasian bullfinch is a bulky bull-headed bird. The upper parts are grey; the flight feathers and short thick bill are black; as are the cap and face in adults (they are greyish-brown in juveniles), and the white rump and wing bars are striking in flight. The adult male has red underparts, but females and young birds have grey-buff underparts. It moults between July and October, but males do not have the duller autumn plumage that is typical of some other finches. The song of this unobtrusive bird contains fluted whistles, and is often described as 'mournful'. This Bullfinch's usual call is a quiet, low, melancholy whistled “peeu” or “pew.” The song is audible only at close range. It is a weak, scratchy warbling, alternating with soft whistles. Tamed bullfinches can be taught to repeat specific melodies.
分类信息
The Eurasian bullfinch was formally described in 1758 by Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Loxia pyrrhula. It is now placed in the genus Pyrrhula that was introduced in 1760 by the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson. The Latin word pyrrhula comes from the Greek πυρρός (a flame-coloured bird, from πυρρός flame coloured, from πυρ fire : Pyrrha), a 'worm eating bird' that is mentioned by Aristotle. The Latin name pyrrhula for the Eurasian bullfinch had been used in 1555 by the Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner in his Historiae animalium.<p>Ten subspecies are recognised:<p>The Azores bullfinch (P. murina), previously regarded as a subspecies of the Eurasian bullfinch, is now recognised as a separate species.
- 学名
- Pyrrhula pyrrhula
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Fringillidae
- 属
- Pyrrhula
分布与栖息地
This bird breeds across Europe and temperate Asia. It is mainly resident, but many northern birds migrate further south in the winter. Mixed woodland with some conifers is favoured for breeding, including parkland and gardens.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : widespread; w, n Europe through n Russia and n Mongolia to Kamchatka and s through n, c Japan
- 非繁殖区
- to s Europe, c Asia, ne China, Korean Pen., and Kyushu (s Japan)
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
This species does not form large flocks outside the breeding season, and is usually seen as a pair or family group.<p>It builds its nest in a bush, (preferably more than four metres tall and wide), mature stands of scrub, or tree, laying four to seven pale blue eggs which are mottled with red-brown. It is peculiar among the Passeriformes for having spermatozoa with a rounded head and a blunt acrosome. This species produces two or three broods per season, from early May to mid-July. Nesting success increases progressively from April–May to June–July and August.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Elegant Pitta
Pitta elegans
A typical pitta: plump, short-tailed, long-legged, and primarily terrestrial (sometimes perches up to call). Bright green above with electric blue shoulder patch and rump and black head with conspicuous pale brow. Underside golden-buff with black and bright red on the belly. Plumage varies geographically, with forms varying in eyebrow, throat color (white or black), and extent of red and black on belly. Juvenile duller, with little blue in wing, an orange-tipped bill, and a pinkish belly. Inhabits woodland, forest, scrub, and plantations in lowlands and hills; some populations migratory. Sometimes arboreal when calling. Voice varies throughout range; generally a variation on “wit-wit-deer” or “werwer-dew!”
Orangequit
Euneornis campestris
A small inhabitant of moist woodlands where it feeds on nectar and fruit. Note the short and slightly down-curved bill. Males are glossy plumbeous blue with a brick-orange throat but can appear black in poor lighting. Females have a warm brown back that contrasts with a deep gray crown. The Jamaican Euphonia is superficially similar, but has a stubby bill and a greenish back. Vocalizations include a high, thin “tsit-tsit,” with the second note louder and higher in pitch, plus a thin, descending whistled “tsee-uh.”
Dusky Parrot
Pionus fuscus
Medium-sized, stocky rainforest parrot. Can appear mostly black even at fairly close range. Tends to occur as single birds or pairs rather than large groups. Flight style distinctive; birds appear to keep wings below the horizontal, rolling from side to side. Usually first detected flying overhead; descends rapidly and silently into forests to feed on fruit and flowers in the canopy. In flight, confusion is possible with Blue-headed Parrot, but Dusky has different flight style with shallower wingbeats and different calls.
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