Green Broadbill
Calyptomena viridis
Luminous green bird with an oddly umbrella-like head shape, found in lowland forests. Male has black wingbars and a dark “comma” behind the eye. Female is paler green and plainer overall, with no dark markings. In Borneo, overlaps with Hose’s and Whitehead’s Broadbills, both of which tend to be found at higher elevations. In Green Broadbill, note the lack of black on females in any plumage, the clear bars on the wings instead of spots, and the overall larger size. Gives soft, bouncy hooting notes, often in series.
识别特征
The bird is about 17 cm long, plumaged in brilliant green with a black ear patch, widely gaped bill, rounded head, short tail and three black bars on each wing. The beak itself is very weak and almost hidden by the crest above it. Both sexes are similar. The female is duller and has no black markings on its ear patch and wing coverts.
分类信息
There are three subspecies recognized:<p>Prior to revisions by the International Ornithological Congress in 2022, the mainland subspecies went by the name caudacuta, while viridis referred to the Greater Sundaic subspecies. Based on several previous studies finding problems with this nomenclature, the International Ornithological Congress replaced caudacuta with viridis, while gloriosa replaced the former viridis.
- 学名
- Calyptomena viridis
- 命名信息
- Raffles, 1822
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Calyptomenidae
- 属
- Calyptomena
分布与栖息地
The green broadbill is distributed in broadleaved evergreen forests of Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula where it frequents lowland and lower montane rainforest.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
It is often overlooked, as it sits motionless inside the canopy or just below, quickly flying to a new location if disturbed. Its foliage-green color provides excellent camouflage.<p>It feeds largely on soft figs. The broadbill's feeding habits helps to distribute the seeds of the fig around the forest floor. The female usually lays between two and three whitish eggs, and the young fledge after twenty-two to twenty-three days.
保护状况
Although this species remains common in many parts of its large range, it is considered Near Threatened as it is sensitive to habitat loss and degradation, which are likely to be causing population declines throughout its range.Due to continuing habitat loss, the green broadbill is evaluated as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Small Ground-Finch
Geospiza fuliginosa
A small, widespread Galápagos finch. Bill is longer than it is deep, appears somewhat pointed, and has only a slight curve to the upper edge. Lower edge of bill is mostly straight. Bill size varies among individuals, and not all birds can be accurately identified. Bill is black on breeding male and dull orange on female and nonbreeding male. Male’s plumage is sooty-black; female is brown with paler underparts that are streaked with gray. Medium Ground-Finch has thicker, less pointed bill. Sharp-beaked Ground-Finch has bill that is slightly more pointed and is less rounded on the upper edge. Found in a wide variety of habitats on most islands, but absent from Genovesa, Darwin, and Wolf.
Gray-hooded Fulvetta
Fulvetta cinereiceps
Small brown bird with a bulbous gray head and staring white eyes. Typically moves about in small groups in low, dense areas such as scrubby patches and bamboo stands. Found at middle to upper elevations. Song is a distinctive and memorable series of three whistled notes: the first two notes ascend (second note noticeably longer), and the third note descends.
Jungle Nightjar
Caprimulgus indicus
Gray-brown nightjar of wooded, open grassy, and scrubby areas; not restricted to jungles. Intricately patterned, with a golden patch behind the ear (often not visible on a resting bird) and pale tan spots on the wings. Male shows bright white patches near the wingtips and on the edges of the tail that are buffy-brown in females. Similar Savanna Nightjar is much more densely patterned and lacks the tan wing spots; Savanna also tends to roost on the ground, versus in trees for Jungle Nightjar. Song is utterly alien-sounding and unique: a long series of bouncing “pooKIHpooKIHpooKIH” notes, comparable to a cartoon laser gun.
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