White-spotted Woodpecker
Dryobates spilogaster
Small, noisy woodpecker, common in a variety of forested habitats including urban parks. The body is largely olive-green and heavily barred, including the tail. Note two white stripes above and below the eye and a pale throat. Males have a red crown that is lacking in females.
识别特征
The white-spotted woodpecker is 16 to 19.5 cm (6.3 to 7.7 in) long and weighs 35 to 45 g (1.2 to 1.6 oz). Males and females have the same plumage except on their heads. Males have a buffy to olive forehead, a blackish brown crown with very narrow red streaks, and an olive-green hindneck. The female has an olive-brown crown with fine white spots. Adults of both sexes have a mostly brownish face with a thin white supercilium, a thin white "moustache", and white speckles throughout. Their upperparts are mostly olive-green with yellowish to white feather edges that view as bars. Their flight feathers are dark brown with whitish bars. Their tail is dark brown with narrow off-white bars on the feathers. Their underparts are dark olive with heavy yellowish white streaks on the throat, yellowish white bars or spots on the breast, and heavy yellowish white bars on the belly and undertail coverts. The iris is deep chestnut brown, the beak blackish gray with a paler base, and the legs are olive or olive-gray. Males have a longer bill than females. Juveniles are very like adults but with fainter and less regular barring on their upperparts.
分类信息
The International Ornithological Committee and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World place the white-spotted woodpecker in genus Veniliornis. However, starting in 2018, the American Ornithological Society and the Clements taxonomy moved all species of genus Veniliornis into genus Dryobates.<p>The taxonomic systems agree that the white-spotted woodpecker is monotypic.
- 学名
- Dryobates spilogaster
- 命名信息
- (Wagler, 1827)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Dryobates
分布与栖息地
The white-spotted woodpecker is found from Goiás and Minas Gerais in Brazil south through southeastern Paraguay and most of Uruguay into northeastern Argentina as far as Entre Ríos Province. It inhabits a variety of wooded landscapes including humid lowland forest, gallery forest, isolated patches of forest, open to very open woodland, and lightly wooded parks.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-spotted woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The white-spotted woodpecker forages on a variety of substrates including tree trunks, saplings, and fence posts. It pecks and hammers to extract beetle larvae and other insects and also plucks fruit and berries.<p>The white-spotted woodpecker appears to breed between July and December. It excavates nest cavities within a few meters of the ground. The clutch size, incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The white-spotted woodpecker has a large vocal repertoire including "cheékit ch che che che che che", "cheékit", "ti-rra-rra", "reh-reh-reh-reh", and (in alarm) single "pic" notes. It also makes a "tapping signal in groups of 2–4, with pauses and single taps".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Ring-billed Gull
Larus delawarensis
Fairly small gull, common and widespread throughout most of North America. Breeding adults are white-headed with a bold black ring around the bill; nonbreeding adults have smudgy brown markings on the head. Note pale eye and yellow legs. Immatures are mottled brownish overall; note pink bill with black tip. Found along lakes, rivers, ponds, and beaches. More common inland than most other gull species, and quite fond of parking lots and urban areas. Often in flocks. Most similar to Short-billed Gull, but larger and larger-billed. Immatures of the two species are especially difficult to differentiate, but Ring-billed is usually more coarsely mottled.
Bare-necked Umbrellabird
Cephalopterus glabricollis
Large black bird found inside forest, usually at middle levels. Reminiscent of a crow with a funky hairdo; unlike any other species in its range. Male’s bare red throat sac is usually visible, even when not inflated. Female lacks the throat sac and the puffy umbrella-like crest, but she is still distinctively large and all-black. Rare and local.
Yellowhammer
Emberiza citrinella
Male distinctive, with bright yellow head, yellowish underparts. Female is drab and streaky, usually with yellowish wash to face, and often found with bright males. Note bright rusty rump. White outer tail feathers flash in flight. A species of heathland, forest clearings, and farmland with hedges. Male sings from a prominent perch, giving a dry and uninspired “dzidzidzidzidzi.” Forms flocks in winter, feeding mainly on ground in search of seeds. A native of Eurasia, introduced to New Zealand and a few adjacent islands.
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