Bare-necked Umbrellabird
Cephalopterus glabricollis
Large black bird found inside forest, usually at middle levels. Reminiscent of a crow with a funky hairdo; unlike any other species in its range. Male’s bare red throat sac is usually visible, even when not inflated. Female lacks the throat sac and the puffy umbrella-like crest, but she is still distinctively large and all-black. Rare and local.
识别特征
The bare-necked umbrellabird is a large, bulky, and crow-like bird, being the largest passerine in its range. It is also among the largest of the cotingas, with only the Amazonian umbrellabird being larger. The males are larger than the females, being 41 cm (16 in) in length and weighing 450 g (16 oz), compared to the females' 36 cm (14 in) and 320 g (11 oz).
分类信息
- 学名
- Cephalopterus glabricollis
- 命名信息
- Gould, 1851
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Cotingidae
- 属
- Cephalopterus
分布与栖息地
The bare-necked umbrellabird is found in Panama, Costa Rica, and southern Nicaragua. It inhabits the subcanopy to upper understory of primary forest throughout its range, although some birds have been seen foraging in secondary forest. It can also be found in areas with dense understory and near fruiting trees. The species follows an annual altitudinal migration based on fruit availability, with most of the year being spent in lowlands between elevations of 100–500 m (330–1,640 ft) for males and at 200 m (660 ft) for females. During the breeding season between March–June, umbrellabird populations move higher up to elevations of 1,000–1,500 m (3,300–4,900 ft), coinciding with the highest fruit availability in these areas.
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
The bare-necked umbrellabird is mainly frugivorous, feeding on Marcgraviaceae, Urticaceae, Arecaceae, Lauraceae and Annonaceae berries, along with other fruits. It has also been known to feed on lizards, frogs, insects and larvae. Fruits are plucked from vegetation in flight or gleaned with heavy hops. A juvenile was also observed eating arthropods that were flushed out by a swarm of army ants in Costa Rica.<p>Breeding occurs between March and June in Costa Rica and between April and September in Panama. Like other cotingas, male bare-necked umbrellabirds perform leks to attract females.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Itatiaia Spinetail
Asthenes moreirae
Small, plain, long-billed and long-tailed spinetail with a restricted range. Found in bamboo thickets and clearings in montane forests with grass and shrubs where it forages in the understory. Note the rufous chin contrasting with a dull-brown body. The song is a high-pitched ascending and descending trill.
Yellow-vented Myzomela
Myzomela eichhorni
A small, mostly black bird with a decurved bill, a red throat patch, and a bright red rump. Tail black. Female similar, but duller brownish below. Found in any habitat with trees or shrubs. The only myzomela in its limited range. Voice is a loud, high-pitched “tseep-tseep.”
Yellow-lored Tanager
Chlorothraupis frenata
Large and chunky with stout dark bill. Nondescript plumage: entirely olive-green with slightly brighter yellowish throat and upper breast. Namesake yellow lores are not always obvious. Sexes alike. Compare with female Red-crowned Ant-Tanager, which is somewhat more slender and longer-tailed, is duskier brown overall, and has paler legs. Found on the east slope of the Andes from southern Colombia to Bolivia. Small flocks move through lower and middle levels of humid forests in foothills and adjacent lowlands. Often in mixed feeding flocks with other species. Listen for its loud, long-winded song of whistles and chips, along with rolling harsh scold calls.
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