Streak-capped Spinetail
Cranioleuca hellmayri
Mostly brown arboreal spinetail with a black-streaked rufous crown and rufous wings and tail. Has a narrow white eyebrow, diffuse pale streaks on face, and slightly downcurved bill. Forages actively by hitching up branches and tree trunks, checking leaves and bromeliads. Often found with mixed-species flocks in humid forests, tall secondary forests, and forest borders. Quite vocal, the song an accelerating series of short, high notes; calls are a squeaky “CHIP-up.” Similar to Crested Spinetail but in Streak-capped note the contrasting rufous crown and white eyebrow. Endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and Sierra de Perija in Colombia and Venezuela.
识别特征
The streak-capped spinetail is 14 to 15 cm (5.5 to 5.9 in) long and weighs 14 to 16 g (0.49 to 0.56 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults have a narrow whitish supercilium on an otherwise dark brownish and buff face. Their crown is reddish chestnut with blackish streaks, their back brown that becomes paler by the rump, and tawny rufescent uppertail coverts. Their wings are mostly reddish chestnut; their flight feathers have slightly duller edges and dark fuscous tips. Their tail is reddish chestnut; it is graduated and the feathers have pointed tips. Their chin and throat are whitish, their breast and belly pale brownish gray or grayish olive, and their flanks and undertail coverts a slightly deeper brown. Their iris is pale yellow to whitish, their maxilla blackish to gray, their mandible pinkish horn to pinkish, and their legs and feet yellowish green to pinkish.
分类信息
The streak-capped spinetail is monotypic.
- 学名
- Cranioleuca hellmayri
- 命名信息
- (Bangs, 1907)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Cranioleuca
分布与栖息地
The streak-capped spinetail is found almost exclusively in the isolated Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of northern Colombia. A single specimen was collected in the Venezuelan part of the Serranía del Perijá. The species inhabits montane evergreen forest, both primary and secondary. In Colombia it is found at elevations between 1,200 and 3,000 m (3,900 and 9,800 ft); the Venezuelan specimen was collected at 700 m (2,300 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
In Colombia the streak-capped spinetail is a year-round resident. The species' movements, if any, in Venezuela are not known.<p>The streak-capped spinetail feeds on arthropods. It forages in pairs and usually as part of a mixed-species feeding flock. It usually feeds from the forest's middle levels to its subcanopy but sometimes lower. It acrobatically gleans prey from bark, epiphytes, and debris while hitching along small branches.<p>The streak-capped spinetail's breeding season has not been fully defined but eggs have been noted between September and November. It is thought to be monogamous. Its nest is a ball of grass and leaves hung from a branch. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The streak-capped spinetail's vocalizations have not been fully determined. What is either its song or call is described as "a weak, high-pitched, squeaky trill, 'ti, ti, t, t-t-t-t' " and a "shrill, squeaky trill, accelerating".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Plain-crested Elaenia
Elaenia cristata
Medium-sized nondescript flycatcher that usually shows an erect crest without white markings. Very similar to others Elaenia species and is best identified by its song—a gravelly “jer-jéhjeh,” and its call—a soft “wee.” Also note its olive-green back, grayish breast, pale belly, and two wingbars. Inhabits open areas with scattered trees and savanna woodlands where it usually perches very upright on the top of shrubs or trees.
Silver Pheasant
Lophura nycthemera
Large and spectacular pheasant found in forested areas. Variable across its large range, but the long-tailed male has either white or silvery-gray upperparts with a black crest, breast, and belly. Northern males are whiter above than their southern counterparts, though they still have some light black markings on the wings and back. Females are brownish overall with a much shorter tail. Both sexes have bright red face and legs. Hybridizes extensively with Kalij Pheasant where ranges overlap, producing variable intermediate hybrids.
Cinereous Bunting
Emberiza cineracea
Similar to Ortolan and Cretzschmar's Buntings. Males are faintly-streaked with a yellow-green head. Some populations have a yellow belly while others have a gray-white belly. Females and young lack bright yellow tones and are faintly streaked on the throat and breast. Belly whitish, not orange or buff like Ortolan and Cretzschmar’s Bunting. Breeds on open rocky mountain slopes with scattered bushes. During migration found in a varity of open habitats. Flight call is similar to that of Cretzschmar's Bunting, a sharp "Tzip."
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