White-winged Potoo
Nyctibius leucopterus
Uncommon, rarely seen potoo, active only at night. If found during the day, large white wing patches are key to identification. Occurs in tall forest, especially in hilly regions and those with sandy soils; absent from coastal and savanna areas. Roosts on branches, compressing plumage to mimic part of the tree, like other potoos. In spotlight beam, some Common Potoos may appear to have white wing patches; those of White-winged are larger and brighter. Unusual call is a long, thin, falling whistle, which does not carry far.
识别特征
The white-winged potoo has two forms that differ significantly in size but are almost identical otherwise. The species as a whole is 24 to 29 cm (9.4 to 11.4 in) long. The Amazonian form weighs 77 to 85 g (2.7 to 3.0 oz); it is much smaller than the eastern one though the latter's weight has not been documented. Both forms are dark brown above and lighter brown below, and both parts have darker speckles. The large white patch on the secondary wing coverts give the species its name.
分类信息
For a time the Andean potoo (Nyctibius maculosus) was considered a subspecies of the white-winged potoo, but size, plumage, voice, and elevational distribution differentiate them. Those two species, the northern potoo (N. jamaicensis), and the common potoo (N. griseus) are more closely related to each other than to the other potoos. The white-winged potoo is (as of 2021) considered to be monotypic, but the Amazonian form might be a species in its own right.
- 学名
- Nyctibius leucopterus
- 命名信息
- (Wied-Neuwied, M, 1821)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Nyctibiidae
- 属
- Nyctibius
分布与栖息地
The Amazonian form of white-winged potoo is known from scattered sites in the Amazon basin of Eastern Venezuela, eastern Peru, the Guianas, and northern Brazil, though it probably occurs throughout the region. There it inhabits the canopy of mature terra firme rainforest, including forest on white-sand soils. In the early 2000s researchers made several sightings along the Amazon on poor but non-sandy soils between areas of white-sand forest. The eastern form has a much smaller range in Brazil's Bahia and Espírito Santo states. It is not well known but is assumed to inhabit the canopy of the Atlantic Forest.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-winged potoo is nocturnal. It captures its insect prey by sallying from an exposed perch.<p>The white-winged potoo's breeding phenology is unknown. It is assumed to lay one egg on a branch high in the canopy in a manner similar to that of other potoos.<p>The song of the Amazonian form of white-winged potoo is "a gradually descending, pure-toned 'feeeoooooo'" described as haunting and melancholy. It also makes a soft "bweep" call.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black Wheatear
Oenanthe leucura
Distinctive large, dark wheatear with a strong bill. Males are largely all black except for a white tail, rump, and vent. The tail has a black center and terminal band. Females are similar, but browner. Normally encountered foraging on the ground in rocky areas with steep slopes. Shy and typically flies uphill when flushed. Song is a pleasant warble, sometimes with a buzzy or trilled element. Calls include a smooth whistle “eee eee.”
Swainson's Hawk
Buteo swainsoni
Longer-winged than Red-tailed Hawk, but otherwise the same size. Found in prairies and agricultural regions of western U.S. and Canada in warm months. Varies in color from rather pale with white belly to completely brown. Light morph is more common with brown breast band contrasting with white throat and belly. In flight from below, note dark primaries and secondaries contrasting with whitish forewing of light morph. Winters in South America and along Pacific coast of Central America. Extremely rare in U.S. in winter.
Yellowhammer
Emberiza citrinella
Male distinctive, with bright yellow head, yellowish underparts. Female is drab and streaky, usually with yellowish wash to face, and often found with bright males. Note bright rusty rump. White outer tail feathers flash in flight. A species of heathland, forest clearings, and farmland with hedges. Male sings from a prominent perch, giving a dry and uninspired “dzidzidzidzidzi.” Forms flocks in winter, feeding mainly on ground in search of seeds. A native of Eurasia, introduced to New Zealand and a few adjacent islands.
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