Black Wheatear
Oenanthe leucura
Distinctive large, dark wheatear with a strong bill. Males are largely all black except for a white tail, rump, and vent. The tail has a black center and terminal band. Females are similar, but browner. Normally encountered foraging on the ground in rocky areas with steep slopes. Shy and typically flies uphill when flushed. Song is a pleasant warble, sometimes with a buzzy or trilled element. Calls include a smooth whistle “eee eee.”
识别特征
This large 16–18 cm long wheatear. The male of this species is all black except a white rump and mainly white tail. The female is similar, but dark brown rather than black. It has a loud thrush-like song.<p>The similar white-crowned wheatear (Oenanthe leucopyga) also breeds in the African part of the black wheatear's range, but the black wheatear has a black inverted "T" on its white tail, whereas white-crowned has only a black centre to its tail. The black wheatear never has a white crown, but young white-crowned wheatears also lack this feature.
分类信息
The black wheatear was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's Systema Naturae. He placed it with the thrushes in the genus Turdus, coined the binomial name Turdus leucurus and specified the locality as Gibraltar. The specific epithet is from Ancient Greek leukouros meaning "white-tailed". Gmelin based his account on the "White-tailed thrush" that had been described and illustrated in 1783 by the English ornithologist John Latham in his multi-volume work A General Synopsis of Birds. Latham had examined a specimen in the Leverian Museum in London. The black wheatear is now placed in the genus Oenanthe that was introduced in 1816 by the French ornithologist Louis Pierre Vieillot.<p>Two subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Oenanthe leucura
- 命名信息
- (Gmelin, JF, 1789)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Muscicapidae
- 属
- Oenanthe
分布与栖息地
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
It breeds on cliffs and rocky slopes in western north Africa and Iberia. It no longer breeds in southern France. It is largely resident and nests in crevices in rocks laying 3-6 eggs.The food of this wheatear is mainly insects.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cayenne Jay
Cyanocorax cayanus
Large jay of humid forest and edges including savanna and premontane forest in the tepui region. Combination of size and black-and-white plumage unlike any other species in range. Moves through forest in noisy groups but can be hard to see well. Sometimes accompanies foraging flocks of oropendolas and caciques, feeding on flowers and fruit. Calls include a variety of whistles and grunts.
Short-tailed Antthrush
Chamaeza campanisona
Plump terrestrial bird with a short cocked-tail and long legs. Walks quietly on the ground in humid forests where its shy nature and cryptic plumage make it difficult to spot. Olive-brown above with a prominent, but short white eyebrow and buffy streaking below. Several different subspecies occur throughout South America with variable patterning on the breast. The song is a melodious series of soft notes varying in length between subspecies and mostly given while perched above the ground.
Yellow-bellied Sunbird-Asity
Neodrepanis hypoxantha
Tiny, round, short-tailed yellow-bellied bird with a thin curved bill. Males are blue on the back and have bright bare skin around the eye in breeding plumage. Rare Madagascar endemic that is found very locally in eastern and northern rainforest at middle and high elevations. Usually in the canopy of stunted forest along ridgelines. Hyperactive nectar feeder that constantly flits from flower to flower. Call is a series of quiet and very high-pitched “tip” notes. Similar to Common Sunbird-Asity, but has brighter yellow underparts and a smaller, less curved bill. Smaller than Souimanga Sunbird, with a thinner bill and shorter tail.
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