Palawan Sunbird
Cinnyris aurora
Tiny and active sunbird of forest edges and open woodlands, endemic to Palawan. Male is olive-gray above, with an extensive iridescent blue-black throat, an orange breast patch, and a pale yellow belly. Female is olive above, with a bright yellow eyebrow and underparts; compare with the smaller and duller female Lovely Sunbird, as well as the larger and duller Brown-throated Sunbird. In both sexes, note white tail edges that are flared out in flight. Gives a bright, fizzy song and rising “weet?” notes. Formerly grouped with other, closely related species under “Olive-backed Sunbird.”
识别特征
The Palawan sunbird is 10–11.4 cm (3.9–4.5 in) in length. The male weighs 6.7–11.9 g (0.24–0.42 oz), the female 6–10 g (0.21–0.35 oz). The species is sexual dimorphic. The male is olive above, the remiges are black with green edging and the black tail has a white tip. The throat, side of neck, throat and breast are blue-black iridescent. The breast has a broad bright orange band. The rest of the underparts are yellow. The iris is dark brown, the bill and legs are black. The female lacks the iridescent throat. It is greenish-olive above and has a yellow supercilium.
分类信息
The Palawan sunbird was formally described in 1878 by the Scottish ornithologist, the Marquess of Tweeddale based on a specimen collected in Puerto Princesa on the island of Palawan in the Philippines. He coined the binomial name Cyrtostomus aurora. The specific epithet is Latin meaning "dawn" or "east". The Palawan sunbird is now placed in the genus Cinnyris that was introduced in 1816 by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier. It was formerly considered as a subspecies of the olive-backed sunbird (renamed the garden sunbird) (Cinnyris jugularis) but is now treated as a separate species based on the colour of the breast plumage. The species is monotypic: no subspecies are recognised.
- 学名
- Cinnyris aurora
- 命名信息
- (Tweeddale, 1878)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Nectariniidae
- 属
- Cinnyris
分布与栖息地
The Palawan sunbird is found on the islands of the Palawan group in the Philippines. It occupies various habitats including the forest edge and open scrub.
行为
The elongated hanging nest is 30–60 cm (12–24 in) in length and has a hooded side entrance. It is usually placed between 0.5 and 1.5 m (1 ft 8 in and 4 ft 11 in) above the ground but can occasionally be as high as 10 m (33 ft). It is constructed by the female using grass, bark, moss, lichens, leaf fragments, vegetable fibres and spider webs. The clutch of 1–3 eggs is incubated by the female. The eggs hatch after 11–16 days and the young are then fed by both parents. The chicks fledge after 13–16 days. Normally several broods are raised each year.<p>It forages either singly or in small groups. The diet consists of small insects, spiders, nectar and small fruits.
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其他鸟类
Peruvian Wren
Cinnycerthia peruana
An accomplished songster found in cloud forest along the east slope of the Andes in northern and central Peru. Some birds are almost entirely brown with faint black barring on wings and tail. Other birds have a variable amount of white on the face and forehead. Plumage is very similar to Sharpe’s Wren, which overlaps with it in northern Peru but is found mainly at lower elevations. In the area of overlap, voice is the best way to separate the two species. Peruvian Wren is often encountered in large family groups that move together through the lower and middle levels of the forest. Pairs sing elaborate duets consisting of rich whistles and trills. They also give rapid, frantic rattles when agitated.
Violet-throated Metaltail
Metallura baroni
High-elevation hummingbird endemic to the Andes of southern Ecuador. Plumage is mostly green with a purple throat, and tail is blue on top and greenish underneath. Bill is short and straight. Female has underparts scaled with gray or buff. Compared to the common and widespread Tyrian Metaltail, Violet-throated lacks a rusty tail and has a purple (not green or buffy) throat. Inhabits montane scrub and edge of stunted forest. Most sightings come from in and around Cajas National Park.
Sooty-headed Bulbul
Pycnonotus aurigaster
A dark-headed brown bulbul with a bright red vent; common in towns, plantations, and forest edges. Red-vented Bulbul, with which it overlaps in southwestern China, can be similar, but it has a completely black head. Juvenile has orange vent and can be confused with Brown-breasted Bulbul, but the latter has a more strongly peaked head, no white tail trimming, brown auriculars, and a more contrasting white throat. Often seen in pairs and small flocks, foraging at mid-level and on the ground. Song consists of high-pitched warbling calls.
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