Plushcap
Catamblyrhynchus diadema
This distinctive little sprite is uncommon in the understory of the upper subtropical and temperate zones in the Andes, especially around patches of bamboo. It is rich rufous below and steely gray above with a shining yellow forecrown. Also note the stout dark bill. Sexes similar. Usually found in pairs or small groups, almost always following a mixed-species flock.
识别特征
The plushcap is about 14 cm (5.5 in) long and males weigh on average 14.9 g (0.53 oz) and females 13.4 g (0.47 oz). It has a chestnut body and a golden-yellow forecrown (the plush part of the name). From its nape to its wings, it is black. The males and females look similar but the males are slightly larger than the females.<p>The subspecies C. d. citrinifrons is found in Peru and has a paler cap while C. d. federalis is found in coastal Venezuela and is brighter than C. d. diadema.<p>While the plushcap is usually quiet, when it does vocalize it has a long series of chirps and twitters.
分类信息
The plushcap was formally described in 1842 by the French ornithologist Frédéric de Lafresnaye from a specimen collected in Colombia. Lafresnaye introduced a new genus Catamblyrhynchus and coined the binomial name Catamblyrhynchus diadema. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek katambluoō meaning "to blunt" and rhunkhos meaning "bill". The specific epithet is from the Latin diadema which in turn comes from the Ancient Greek diadēma meaning "royal head-dress". The type locality is Bogotá in Colombia. The plushcap was at one time placed in the family Emberizidae but molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that it belongs in the tanager family Thraupidae.<p>Three subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Catamblyrhynchus diadema
- 命名信息
- Lafresnaye, 1842
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thraupidae
- 属
- Catamblyrhynchus
分布与栖息地
Plushcaps prefer to live in montane forest or secondary woodland by Chusquea bamboo which they use to find food. They stay at high elevation, between 2,300–3,500 m (7,500–11,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
Plushcaps are considered of least concern due to their wide range in South America but it is thought that the number of individuals is declining. They tend to be common in their range.
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Tawny Fish-Owl
Ketupa flavipes
A large brown owl with wide yellow eyes and sideways-drooping ear tufts; rich tawny brown plumage with black mottling unique in its range. Always found in close proximity to rivers or lakes, usually roosting in dense waterside groves by day. Hunts fish from a low perch at dusk and at night. Hunting birds are seldom observed, as they hunt from tangles and other dense vegetation. Other horned owls in range are either much smaller (Long-eared Owl, scops-owls) or much larger (Eurasian Eagle-Owl). Pairs duet, giving 2-3 deep hoots; younger birds beg with higher-pitched screeching calls.
White-bellied Kingfisher
Corythornis leucogaster
Small and beautiful blue, rufous, and white kingfisher. Note the white stripe that runs across the center of the underparts all the way from the throat to the undertail. Found near streams and pools inside of rainforest. Secretive, solitary, and generally elusive. The call is a harsh “tshik,” often given in flight. Distinguished from similar kingfishers by the white belly stripe. Further distinguished from Malachite Kingfisher by its forest-dwelling habits.
Hoffmann's Woodpecker
Melanerpes hoffmannii
Medium-sized woodpecker with bold black-and-white barring on back and a cream-colored belly. A patch of yellow on the lower belly can be difficult to see. Male has red crown and yellow nape. Female lacks red crown. Distinctive in range, but hybridizes with Red-crowned Woodpecker; hybrids best left unidentified. Found in open woodland, edges, and gardens.
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