Black-headed Woodpecker
Picus erythropygius
Eye-searingly bright woodpecker decked out in primary colors. Combination of black face, pale eyes, yellow throat, green wings, bright red rump, and white belly is unmistakable. Males also have a bright red crown patch. Prefers dry deciduous and coniferous forests, usually in the lowlands and foothills. Moves about in small noisy bands. Song is a rollicking, rhythmic series of rather dry, husky yelps, somewhat reminiscent of chickens or deranged laughing, that often starts up seemingly out of nowhere.
识别特征
The black-headed woodpecker is a medium-sized bird at around 33 cm tall and 100-135g. Adult birds have very distinct plumage and have a black face, yellow throat, green wings, a red lower back, and a white stomach. They also have white/yellow eyes and some individuals have a thin white line from their eye to their neck. Males have a red crown, while females have a completely black crown with no red. Juveniles are less pigmented than adults and juvenile males have fewer red crown feathers on their heads.
分类信息
The black-headed woodpecker is a member of the woodpecker family Picidae and the genus Picus. They have been considered to be most closely related to the European green woodpecker (P. viridis) and the grey-headed woodpecker (P. canus). However, recent studies have challenged this original phylogenetic relationship.<p>There are two recognized subspecies of the black-headed woodpecker:
- 学名
- Picus erythropygius
- 命名信息
- (Elliot, DG, 1865)
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Picidae
- 属
- Picus
分布与栖息地
Black-headed woodpeckers are found in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. They are most commonly found in the mid-story and sub-canopy of deciduous and coniferous forests. They usually prefer dry dipterocarp forests, semi-evergreen forests, riverine forests, and savanna forests. They are also resident birds.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Black-headed woodpeckers, like most woodpeckers, are insectivorous and glean insects on the bark of trees. They most commonly consume termites, but they also eat ants and other insects and invertebrates.<p>Their song is a loud series of yelps that sound similar to laughing. These yelps ("ka-tek-a-tek-a-tek-a-tek" or "cha-cha-cha, cha-cha-cha") are rapidly repeated and the first note is emphasized.<p>Little is known about their reproduction, but they reproduce between February–June and nest within trees. They also have around 3-4 eggs. In a wildlife sanctuary in Chiang Mai, their nests were occupied in May.<p>Black-headed woodpeckers are usually found in groups with other bird species. These bird waves consist of larger flock sizes, which allow birds to worry less about predators and spend more time foraging. Black-headed woodpeckers are typically found in flocks with white-crested laughingthrushes (Garrulax leucolophus), lesser necklaced laughingthrushes (Garrulax monileger), and greater racket-tailed drongos (Dicrurus paradiseus). In these flocks, black-headed woodpeckers, along with the other birds, produce alarm calls when predators approach.<p>The black-headed woodpecker is vulnerable to many parasites, including avian haemoproteid parasite, Haemoproteus bennetti, which has been detected in its blood. They are also susceptible to Picidae-specific parasites, including chewing lice, Picicola roberti, and quill mites, Picobia heeri, which inhabit the feather quills.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Congo Moor Chat
Myrmecocichla tholloni
An unusual and distinctive Central African chat. Mostly gray-brown with a white throat, rump, and undertail and white wing patches that are conspicuous in flight. Found locally in grassland, usually in pairs or small groups. Hops along the ground or sits up on low perches. Structure and behavior similar to Sooty Chat, but gray-and-white plumage is completely different. The cheerful song alternates higher whistled notes and lower chirruping notes. This song is often given in a hovering display flight.
Bahama Warbler
Setophaga flavescens
This charming species is fond of pine woods where it is often found creeping along branches and trunks in a manner similar to that of the Black-and-white Warbler. Also visits flowers. The very similar Yellow-throated Warbler has less extensive yellow on both belly and face as well as a thicker eyeline, more distinctive white patch behind the cheek, and shorter bill. Song is a sweet “chutty, chutty, chutty, swee, swee, tsoo, tsoo.” Call is a single high “chip” or “tsit” like that of a Yellow-throated Warbler.
Red-shouldered Blackbird
Agelaius assimilis
A mostly black inhabitant of swamps and marshes. The male has a telltale orange-red shoulder patch with pale yellow trim, which the female lacks. Both sexes of Tawny-shouldered Blackbird have a yellow-orange shoulder, though the shoulder color is sometimes only visible in flight. The Shiny Cowbird lacks a shoulder patch, is quite glossy, and has a shorter and stouter bill than Red-shouldered Blackbird. The call is a “chut” or “chut-chut” and song is a shrill “Shuh-reee-eee.”
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