Blue-backed Conebill
Conirostrum sitticolor
Small attractive tanager, fairly common and widespread in the temperate zone of the Andes from Venezuela to Bolivia. Black head, blue back, black wings, and burnt-orange belly. Sexes alike. Where it overlaps with Chestnut-bellied Mountain-Tanager note the conebills smaller size and more pointed bill. Typically found in pairs or small family groups working the middle and upper levels of temperate forest and edge. Often follows mixed-species flocks.
识别特征
Blue-backed conebill is a small bird, weighing 11-13g. While subspecies differ slightly in appearance, all subspecies have some amount of black on their head, a blue back, rump, and tail, and an orange underside. The nominate subspecies, C. s. sitticolor has a fully black head and throat, and black wings, while C. s. cyaneum has a black cheek, chin, lore, and crown with a blue post-ocular stripe and throat, and blue wings. As the name would indicate, C. s. intermedium has an appearance intermediate between the two subspecies, with a black face, throat, and crown, a blue post-ocular stripe that doesn't extend past the eye and black wings.
分类信息
The blue-backed conebill was described by French ornithologist Frédéric de Lafresnaye in 1840. Who placed it in the genus Conirostrum, along with the other species of conebills. It was originally called the Purple conebill, with two of its subspecies, C. s. intermedium and C. s. cyaneum being described as different species, the Venezuelan purple conebill and the Peruvian purple conebill respectively. There are currently three recognized subspecies:
- 学名
- Conirostrum sitticolor
- 命名信息
- Lafresnaye, 1840
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thraupidae
- 属
- Conirostrum
分布与栖息地
The Blue-backed conebill is found along the Andes range from northern to central South America. Its northern terminus being Cerro Pintado on the Colombia-Venezuela border and its southern terminus being Cochabamba Department in Bolivia. In Venezuela it is found in the Cordillera de Mérida and the Sierra de Perijá mountain ranges in the states of Zulia, Táchira, Mérida, Barinas, Trujillo, Portuguesa, and Lara. In Colombia it is found in the Central and Eastern Ranges of the Andes, as well in the Sierra de Perijá Range and in an isolated population near the town of Frontino. In Ecuador, it is found in the central part of the country in the La Sierra region from the Colombian border in the north to the Peruvian border in the south. C. s. sitticolor continues on the western slopes of the Andes until it reaches the southern limit of its range in Cajamarca. C. s. cyaneum is also found in Peru, starting from Amazonas in the north and continuing along the eastern slopes of the Andes into central Bolivia.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Like other conebills, the Blue-backed conebill is an insectivore, foraging for insects mainly in the canopies of trees. It is often found in mixed species flocks alongside with other insectivore species like Pearled treerunner, Streaked tuftedcheek, Grey-hooded bush tanager, and Black-headed hemispingus. In his work on the social dynamics of mixed species flocks, M. Moynihan notes that the Blue-backed conebill prefers to associate with other conebills, particularly Rufous-browed conebill, White-browed conebill, and Capped conebill. Its breeding and nesting habits remain almost entirely unstudied.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black-faced Antbird
Myrmoborus myotherinus
Short-tailed antbird of forest understory. Both sexes have black face. Males are gray with white wingbars; females are brown above, buffy below, with cream wingbars and a white or buffy throat. Forages singly or in pairs low in the undergrowth of mature forest. Usually inhabits more mature forest than similar White-browed Antbird, but there is some overlap. Note differences in facial pattern; males lack the white eyebrow and females lack the orange eyebrow seen on White-browed Antbirds. Female Black-faced Antbirds also have browner underparts than White-browed. Listen for an even-paced series of 5–7 whistles that is slightly higher in the middle. In the southern part of its range, these whistles are pure-toned; in the north, they are harsher.
Antioquia Bristle-Tyrant
Pogonotriccus lanyoni
Rare flycatcher known only from a few sites in the Colombian Andes, mainly in the northern part of the central range. It is fairly small and mostly yellow, with a gray crown and broad, yellow wingbars. Yellow and gray smudges on ears can be very indistinct. Often confused with the much more common Yellow-olive Flycatcher, but bill is narrower, wingbars are brighter yellow, and voice is different. Typical song is a short burst that starts off as a dry rattle and then morphs into airy squeaking. Inhabits humid forest and sometimes joins mixed species flocks.
Puna Snipe
Gallinago andina
Small, cryptic brown sandpiper found locally in the high Andes. Favors bogs, wetlands, and lakeshores with rushes and other cover. Range does not overlap with other species of snipe, so identification is usually by default. Mainly found as singles or small loose groups, and rarely seen until flushed from close range. Note very long bill, cryptic striped upperparts, striped face, and yellowish legs. Flushes suddenly with raspy calls and flies quickly away, sometimes in rather bounding flight.
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