Brown-capped Tit-Spinetail
Leptasthenura fuliginiceps
Small, agile brown bird of the high Andes from central western Argentina to Lake Titicaca. Uses long, stiff tail to forage acrobatically on branches and cliffsides. From similar Tawny Tit-Spinetail by Brown-capped’s erect crest and colder underparts. Prefers semi-open vegetation like shrub, gardens, and Polylepis woodland, often in mixed foraging flocks. Song a very high, dry, twittered trill. Call a high and less dry “skweet!”
识别特征
The brown-capped tit-spinetail is 15 to 16 cm (5.9 to 6.3 in) long and weighs 9 to 13 g (0.32 to 0.46 oz). It is a small, slender, long-tailed furnariid with a short bill. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies have a pale dull buff supercilium on an otherwise plain brownish face. Their crown is brown, their upper back a paler brown, and their lower back, rump, and uppertail coverts are refescent. Their wings are mostly rufous. Their tail is rufous; it is graduated and the feathers narrow at the tips giving a spiny appearance. Their underparts are pale tawny brownish with a rufescent tinge to the flanks and undertail coverts. Their iris is brown to dark brown, their maxilla black to dusky brownish horn, their mandible horn to pearl-gray with a dusky tip, and their legs and feet olive greenish, grayish olive, or gray. Juveniles have a less distinct crown than adults, with some slight mottling on the breast and rounded tail feathers. Subspecies L. f. paranensis has a less brownish back and paler and grayer underparts than the nominate.
分类信息
The brown-capped tit-spinetail has two subspecies, the nominate L. f. fuliginiceps (D'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) and L. f. paranensis (Sclater, PL, 1862).
- 学名
- Leptasthenura fuliginiceps
- 命名信息
- (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Leptasthenura
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of the brown-capped tit-spinetail is found in the Bolivian Andes between the west-central department of La Paz and the southern Potosí and Tarija departments. Subspecies L. f. paranensis is found in the Andes of northwestern Argentina from Jujuy and Salta provinces south to Mendoza, Córdoba, and San Luis provinces. The species inhabits a variety of landscapes including arid, semi-humid, and humid montane scrublands; Polylepis woodlands; and semi-humid woodlands. In scrublands if favors steep ravines. In elevation it mostly ranges between 1,500 and 3,900 m (4,900 and 12,800 ft) in Bolivia and between 1,000 and 2,500 m (3,300 and 8,200 ft) in Argentina.
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
The brown-capped tit-spinetail is mostly a year-round resident throughout its range, though some of the Argentine population makes elevation movements between the seasons.<p>The brown-capped tit-spinetail feeds on arthropods. It forages in pairs or in small groups and often joins mixed-species feeding flocks, and feeds from the forest's understorey to its canopy. It usually forages by gleaning its prey from leaves, twigs, and the bark of branches. It sometimes hangs upside down to reach prey.<p>The brown-capped tit-spinetail breeds in the austral spring and summer. It is thought to be monogamous. Its nest is a ball of plant material lined with softer plant fibers, down, and feathers, constructed in a crevice in a rock or building. The clutch size is two or three eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The brown-capped tit-spinetail's song has not been described. Its call is "a faint insect-like 'pree' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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Handsome thickset bunting restricted to a small part of the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan plateau where it inhabits scrubby slopes above the timberline. Unmistakable in its range; no other bunting in the area combines its size, brick-orange back, and gray belly. Male has a striking black-and-white head pattern while female is gray-headed with weak streaking. Song is an unmusical and unremarkable series of high, sharp “pi-pi-pipipew” notes.
Townsend's Solitaire
Myadestes townsendi
Sleek songbird, a bit smaller than robin and much slimmer. Overall plain medium-gray with short bill, rather long tail, white eyering, and buff patches in wings. Note upright posture and white eyering. Found at higher elevations in the breeding season. Drops into lowlands in the winter. Loves juniper. Song is complex; call is a single, ringing, bell-like note.
Lesser Jacana
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Very small and generally uncommon jacana. Adults show rufous on the crown, breast sides, rump, and tail. Juveniles are duller. Most distinctive in flight, when the white trailing edge to the wing is revealed. Found in thickly vegetated wetlands, especially those with waterlilies. Seems to move around in response to changing water levels. Call is a quick, hooting series. Often confused with immature African Jacana, but smaller and with a shorter bill that never shows any blue. Easily separated in flight by the white stripe at the back of the wing and the pale patches on top of the wing.
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