Little Nightjar
Setopagis parvula
Small nightjar; streaked gray, brown, and rufous above with a white throat and buff collar. Males have a white wing band near the tip and pale central tail feathers, absent in females. Resembles Spot-tailed Nightjar, which has a well-marked buffy neck and lacks the white throat and white wing patches. Found in variety of open habitats including pastures, bushy areas, and forest edges. The song is an odd, memorable, descending “drui-dro-dro-dro-dro-dro.”
识别特征
The little nightjar is 19 to 21 cm (7.5 to 8.3 in) long and weighs 25 to 46.5 g (0.88 to 1.6 oz). The male is generally grayish brown with buff, brown, and blackish brown spots and streaks. The belly is buff with brown bars. Its hindneck has a broad but indistinct buff collar, the chin is buffy, and the throat is white. Its wing has a broad white band and the outer tail feathers have white tips. The female is similar but its throat is buff and it does not have white on the wing and tail.
分类信息
The little nightjar was described as Caprimulgus parvulus but since the early 2010s has been placed in its current genus Setopagis. At various times what are now Todd's nightjar (Setopagis heterura) and Anthony's nightjar (Nyctidromus anthonyi) were considered subspecies of little nightjar, but it is now treated as monotypic.
- 学名
- Setopagis parvula
- 命名信息
- (Gould, 1837)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Caprimulgidae
- 属
- Setopagis
分布与栖息地
The little nightjar is found from eastern Peru across Bolivia and central and northeastern Brazil to the Atlantic coast, and south through southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay to central Argentina. One vagrant has been recorded in Aruba. In much of the southern part of its range, and possibly in Peru, it is believed to be migratory, moving north and east during the austral winter. It inhabits brushy savanna and the interior and edges of open woodland and forest. It can also be found in plantations of non-native Eucalyptus. In elevation it ranges from sea level in the east to about 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Bolivia.
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Migration pattern: Complete migrants.
保护状况
Population trend: stable.
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cinnamon Ground Dove
Gallicolumba rufigula
A medium-sized ground dove of lowland and foothill forest. Reddish back and wings interspersed with pale blue-gray, diagonal bars. White from throat to belly, edged with black and a messy yellow-orange smudge in the center of the chest. Bobs its head as it walks actively on the ground foraging for seeds and sometimes invertebrates, including worms. Flutters wings when alarmed. Pale, diagonal bars in the wing differentiate it from any other ground-dove. Call, a deep, warbling trill, getting lower and softer at the end.
Little Paradise-Kingfisher
Tanysiptera hydrocharis
A little-known, long-tailed kingfisher of riverine forests. White underparts and rump, black mask, deep blue wing, pale blue cap, red bill and long tail. Very similar to Common Paradise-Kingfisher, but Little Paradise-Kingfisher is smaller, with a darker crown, blue rather than white outer tail feathers and a slighter bill. The safest way to separate, however is by vocalization. Song, a series of 8 descending notes.
Tree Pipit
Anthus trivialis
Slender and streaked pipit. Feeds on the ground like other pipits, but perches readily in trees or bushes when singing, or alights in tree at end of parachuting song flight. As the name suggests, usually associated with trees (on breeding grounds), but also found in agricultural areas and grassy scrub in winter. All pipits look rather similar and are best identified to species by combination of habitat and voice: Tree Pipit call a high, shrill, buzzy "tzzz"; song more melodic and varied than Meadow Pipit song.
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