Tree Pipit
Anthus trivialis
Slender and streaked pipit. Feeds on the ground like other pipits, but perches readily in trees or bushes when singing, or alights in tree at end of parachuting song flight. As the name suggests, usually associated with trees (on breeding grounds), but also found in agricultural areas and grassy scrub in winter. All pipits look rather similar and are best identified to species by combination of habitat and voice: Tree Pipit call a high, shrill, buzzy "tzzz"; song more melodic and varied than Meadow Pipit song.
识别特征
This is a small pipit, which resembles meadow pipit. It is an undistinguished-looking species, streaked brown above and with black markings on a white belly and buff breast below. It can be distinguished from the slightly smaller meadow pipit by its heavier bill and greater contrast between its buff breast and white belly. Tree pipits more readily perch in trees.<p>The call is a strong spek, unlike the weak call of its relative. The song flight is unmistakable. The bird rises a short distance up from a tree, and then parachutes down on stiff wings, the song becoming more drawn out towards the end.
分类信息
The tree pipit was formally described by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the tenth edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Alauda trivialis. Linnaeus noted that the species occurred in Sweden. The specific epithet trivialis is Latin meaning "common" or "ordinary" from Latin trivium meaning "public street". The tree pipit is now placed in the genus Anthus that was introduced in 1805 by the German naturalist Johann Matthäus Bechstein.<p>Two subspecies are recognised:
- 学名
- Anthus trivialis
- 命名信息
- (Linnaeus, 1758)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Motacillidae
- 属
- Anthus
分布与栖息地
The tree pipit breeds in habitats with a wooded component, including lowland heath and coppice. It is found mostly in open woodland on the boundary with moorland, or open structured oak woodland – therefore heavy thinning is required to produce a gappy character. It prefers low canopy medium-sized trees, where there is low-growing scrub and bramble less than 2 metres high, so that horizontal visibility is relatively high. It likes a mosaic of grass and bracken, but not very grazed short turf, so light to moderate grazing is preferred.
- 繁殖区
- PAL : widespread
- 非繁殖区
- India and AF
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
行为
Tree pipits nest on the ground amongst grass or heather tussocks. The nest is built by the female. The clutch of 4 to 6 eggs is incubated by the female. The eggs hatch after 12–14 days. The chicks are fed by both parents and leave the nest after 12–14 days. The nests are sometimes parasitized by the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus).<p>Tree pipits mainly eat invertebrates, typically insects but will also eat some plant material. They mostly forage on the ground.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Pallid Honeyguide
Indicator meliphilus
Small and nondescript honeyguide. Note the short but chunky bill and the white patches on the sides of the tail. Found along forest edge, in forest, and in thick woodland, where it is uncommon and inconspicuous. The main call is a slowly repeated “twee-ya.” Very similar to Least and Lesser Honeyguides, but has a smaller bill and a paler head that lacks a dark facial stripe. Similar to Wahlberg’s and Green-backed Honeyguides, but has a thicker bill.
Common Miner
Geositta cunicularia
Widespread but often local in open areas typically with sandy soil from Patagonian steppe to coastal dunes to bogs in the high Andes; often less common than other miners in the same areas. Often seen in pairs, walking with a waddling gait and pumping its tail like most miners. Best identified by distinct breast streaking, relatively long and very slightly decurved bill, and (in flight) bright rusty wing patches. Northern populations also have contrasting creamy white rump. Song varies geographically.
Sickle-winged Guan
Chamaepetes goudotii
Large chickenlike bird, but small for a guan. Distinctive: mostly brown with contrasting rufous belly and bright blue facial skin around red eye. Found in subtropical zones on both slopes of Andes, from Colombia to Bolivia. Rather unobtrusive and quiet; can be difficult to spot as it perches in the middle and upper levels of the forest. Often in pairs or small groups.
开始您的观鸟之旅
在户外识别鸟类，并在下一次观察时随手查阅鸟类图鉴。