Minute Hermit
Phaethornis idaliae
Tiny hummingbird with a curved bill and a yellow lower bill. Males have a dark green iridescent back, a dark brown throat with a pale belly and vent, and dark undertail feathers. Females have an orange throat and breast with white edges to the tail, and their central tail feathers are longer than the males’. Inhabits the understory of humid forests and coastal forests (restinga), but also found in second growth and plantations. Males gather in leks emitting a barrage of high-pitched notes continuously.
识别特征
The minute hermit is one of the world's smallest birds. It is 8.4 to 9.2 cm (3.3 to 3.6 in) long and weighs 1.8 to 2.7 g (0.06 to 0.10 oz). The male has dark iridescent green upperparts and a dark brown throat. The female's underparts are reddish orange. Both sexes have a black "mask" and a pale supercilium and malar stripe.
分类信息
The minute hermit was for a time considered conspecific with the little hermit (P. longuemareus) and now is treated with it as a superspecies. It is monotypic.
- 学名
- Phaethornis idaliae
- 命名信息
- (Bourcier & Mulsant, 1856)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Phaethornis
分布与栖息地
The minute hermit is found in southeastern Brazil from approximately Bahia south to Rio de Janeiro state. It inhabits the understory of primary or lightly disturbed forest including their edges, and also mature secondary forest and forested islands. It has been recorded in Eucalyptus plantations near its preferred habitat. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 500 m (1,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The minute hermit is assumed to be sedentary.<p>The minute hermit is a "trap-line" feeder like other hermit hummingbirds, visiting a circuit of flowering plants for nectar. It also consumes small arthropods.<p>The minute hermit's breeding season spans from October to February. Males display to females at leks. Its nest is an open cup suspended from the underside of a drooping leaf. The clutch of two eggs is incubated solely by the female.<p>The minute hermit's song is "a high-pitched note repeated 3–4 times, followed by an accelerated descending warble" sung from a low perch.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Utupua Whistler
Pachycephala utupuae
Brightly-colored male has a bright golden belly, a black chest band and head, and a clean white throat. He appears to have a black “shawl” with golden wings and a black tail. Female is considerably duller, being olive-brownish above and yellow below, with a pale throat and brown breast. Endemic to Utupua, in the southeastern Solomons, where it is found in most island habitats, though avoids villages. Voice includes a sequence of sparsely spaced, thin, uninspired whistles. Formerly grouped with Vanikoro Whistler and Nendo Whistler under “Temotu Whistler.”
Moluccan Owlet-nightjar
Aegotheles crinifrons
A large owlet-nightjar of lowland and foothill forests. Rufous or dark brown morphs present and also intergrades. Three broad, pale buffy, vertical bands on the chest separated by 2 dark bands. Distinctive white stars on the back and dark arrowhead marks on the chest. The only owlet-nightjar in its range. Call a series of 3 or more descending notes “weuuu we-wu” with the first the longest and downslurred. Sometimes followed by a maniacal cackle.
Wallcreeper
Tichodroma muraria
Unmistakable, but difficult to spot on rock faces. Spectacular in flight, with broad black, red, and white-spotted wings resembling a giant butterfly. Usually found on rock faces in high mountainous regions, but also breeds in steep gorges lower down and can even be found on tall buildings in winter. Breeding male has a black throat; winter males and all females have white throats. Rarely-heard song is a steadily rising whistle.
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