Erect-crested Penguin
Eudyptes sclateri
Medium-sized crested penguin, endemic to New Zealand. Note the distinct broad yellow eyebrow rising over the eye to form a stiff brush-like crest. Also look for pale blue skin at the base of the bill. A subantarctic breeder, with main colonies on Bounty and Antipodes Islands. Disperses widely at the end of breeding season. A small number molt on the east coast of the North and South Islands in the fall. Forms small groups at sea. Voice a low-pitched booming bray. Distinguished from Snares and Fiordland Penguins by pale white-blue skin at bill base and less “V-shaped” crest when seen head-on.
识别特征
This is a small-to-medium-sized, yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin, at 50–70 cm (20–28 in) and weighing 2.5–6 kg (5.5–13.2 lb). The male is slightly larger than the female and as in most crested penguins has a larger bill. It has bluish-black to jet black upper parts and white underparts, and a broad, bright yellow eyebrow-stripe which extends over the eye to form a short, erect crest. With a mean body mass in males of 6.38 kg (14.1 lb) (sample size 22) and females of 5.4 kg (12 lb) (sample size 22), the erect-crested penguin is the largest of the crested penguin species and as the fourth heaviest extant penguin, being nearly as heavy on average as the gentoo penguin.<p>Its biology is poorly studied and only little information about the species has emerged in the past decades. The only recent study conducted on the Antipodes Islands focused on aspects of the mate choice. Research on the species is hampered by logistics and restrictive permitting by the New Zealand Department of Conservation.<p>It presumably feeds on small fish, krill and squid like other crested penguin species.<p>The binomial commemorates the British zoologist Philip Lutley Sclater.
分类信息
- 学名
- Eudyptes sclateri
- 命名信息
- Buller, 1888
- 目
- Sphenisciformes
- 科
- Spheniscidae
- 属
- Eudyptes
分布与栖息地
Erect-crested penguins breed on the Bounty and Antipodes Islands. Previous records of small breeding populations have also been reported from Campbell Island and the Auckland Islands; in the 1940s a breeding pair was documented on the Otago Peninsula on the New Zealand mainland. The species spends extended times at sea during the pre-moult period (February–March) as well as over the winter months (March–August). Individuals have been found as far away as the Falkland Islands and it is also a vagrant to Argentina, Antarctica and Australia.<p>Erect-crested penguins nest in large colonies on rocky terrain. On the Antipodes Islands, the penguins breed in mono-specific colonies or sometimes sympatrically with Southern Rockhopper penguins. On the Bounty Islands, Erect-crested penguins breed in large mixed colonies with Salvin's albatross. Erect-crested penguins breed in two-egg clutches from the months between September to late January. The first egg to be laid is typically 25% to 70% smaller than the second egg. The extreme difference in egg sizes has demonstrated asynchronous incubation habits, with the larger egg being granted more accommodation and priority than the smaller egg.
- 繁殖区
- AU : Bounty (e of Stewart I.) and Antipodes is. (se of Stewart I.; New Zealand)
- 非繁殖区
- to waters of e South I. (New Zealand)
- 迁徙
- Complete migrants
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
其他鸟类
Streaked Xenops
Xenops rutilans
Small brown bird with large distribution from Costa Rica to Argentina. Rufous-brown overall with whitish eyebrow and a white stripe on the side of the face. Extensive streaking on crown and underparts separates from Plain Xenops. Compare with Slender-billed Xenops, which occurs primarily in lowland Amazonian forests where Streaked does not and is not as boldly streaked. Usually found singly or in pairs following a mixed-species flock. Occurs in mature forests and edges, from the understory to the canopy, but most often at middle levels. Can be found from the lowlands up to around 2,500 m.
Picui Ground Dove
Columbina picui
At rest, the pale brown-gray of the body contrasts with its black bill and iris, pale wing panel framed by a black border. In flight the dark under and upper wing contrasts with a pale wing panel and brown-gray coverts. Tail mostly white, but central tail feathers are gray-brown mostly covering tail from above. Generally found in open areas including grassland, savanna, at the forest edge, and often urban areas. The voice is a series of “U-wooh U-wooh U-wooh U-wooh” notes.
Oriole Finch
Linurgus olivaceus
Odd and unique member of the waxbill family. Males are yellow and olive-green with a black head; females are olive-green. Both sexes have a pink bill. Males vary geographically in how yellow or olive-green their back is, how much orange they show below, and whether or not they have a yellow collar. Found in and around montane forest, usually in pairs or small groups. Quiet and inconspicuous bird. The call is a sharp “tsik.” Males have a similar pattern to some weavers but are separated by their pink bill. Also similar to orioles, but much smaller.
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