White-bellied Mountain-gem
Lampornis hemileucus
Medium-sized hummingbird, male mostly green above with purple throat, thin white line behind eye, and bright white belly. Female not quite as colorful but still unique with white belly and line behind eye; she has a spotted throat. A forest hummingbird that also comes out to edges and gardens.
识别特征
The white-bellied mountaingem is 10 to 11 cm (3.9 to 4.3 in) long. Males weigh about 6.2 g (0.22 oz) and females 5.1 g (0.18 oz). Both sexes have a medium-length black bill, a long white stripe behind the eye, and pinkish feet. Adult males' face and crown are glittering green, much of the rest of the upperparts bronzy green, and the uppertail coverts bronzy. The tail is also bronzy, with dusky gray bands near the end of the outer feathers. The gorget is blue-violet and the rest of the underparts white with green speckles along the sides. Adult females are similar, but the face and crown are less glittering and the throat is white with green speckles. Juveniles of both sexes have rusty fringes on the green feathers; males have a dull bronze gorget.
分类信息
The white-bellied mountaingem is monotypic. There is some evidence that it does not belong in genus Lampornis.
- 学名
- Lampornis hemileucus
- 命名信息
- (Salvin, 1865)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Lampornis
分布与栖息地
The white-bellied mountaingem is found on the Caribbean slope from north-central Costa Rica south and east into western Panama as far as Veraguas Province, and also locally on the Pacific slope in Panama. It inhabits the canopy of cool and very wet subtropical forest and also occurs at the shrub level at the forest edge and in gaps and clearings. It mostly shuns secondary forest and other semi-open landscapes.
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
At least in Costa Rica, the white-bellied mountaingem breeds between 700 and 1,400 m (2,300 and 4,600 ft) of elevation and after breeding descends to between 400 and 600 m (1,300 and 2,000 ft).<p>The white-bellied mountaingem forages for nectar in flowering trees and shrubs, and is especially partial to epiphytes of family Ericaceae and genus Columnea. It is aggressive when feeding; males dominate most other hummingbirds, even larger ones, at clumps of flowering epiphytes. In addition to nectar, it also feeds on insects captured by hawking; females sometimes glean arthropods from foliage.<p>The white-bellied mountaingem breeds between August and March in Costa Rica. Its nest and details of its breeding phenology have not been described.<p>The white-bellied mountaingem's song is "a medley of squeaks, dry or liquid trills, and sputtering notes." When chasing it makes "squeaky sputtering trills". Other calls include "a repeated, somewhat nasal 'deep' [and] rattling sequences 'de-de-drrrrr'."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Mayr's Swiftlet
Aerodramus orientalis
A grayish-brown swiftlet, paler beneath, darker above with a faintly bluish tinge, with a variably grayish rump. Very poorly known from a few specimens and field observations. Generally occurs between 900-1200 meters of elevation, but has been seen at sea level. Very similar to White-rumped Swift, but has a darker gray rump and is much larger. Vocally unknown.
White-quilled Bustard
Afrotis afraoides
The male is a striking, medium-sized, mostly dark bustard with a bold white cheek patch and a reddish bill. The female has a black belly and is elsewhere finely barred. In flight it has a conspicuous white window on both the upper and lower sides of the wing. Scattered individuals, sometimes associated in small groups, inhabit arid savanna and Karoo scrub. It singscalls a strident, ratcheting “kraak-kraak-kraak” which leads into a maniacal “raa-cha-ka-ka-ka....cha-ka-ka-ka” display as the male flies around 20–30 m above the ground, with legs dangling. In flight, Black Bustard’s lack of large white wing patches separates it from the similar White-quilled Bustard.
Sind Woodpecker
Dendrocopos assimilis
Only black-and-white woodpecker in most of its range. Note the big white shoulder patches and white bars on the black back. Very similar to Syrian Woodpecker, but the Sind Woodpecker is smaller, with a thinner moustache, more white on the back, and a slightly smaller bill. Inhabits dry, open scrub and woodlands. Calls include a squeaky trill and a single-noted “kwik.”
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