Red-shouldered Spinetail
Synallaxis hellmayri
Angry-looking bird with a long spiky tail and brown plumage contrasting with a black throat and a rusty shoulder patch. Occurs in arid, scrubby woodlands where normally forages on or close to the ground. The song is a repetition of a short, fast “quebéc.”
识别特征
The red-shouldered spinetail is 18 to 19 cm (7.1 to 7.5 in) long and weighs 25 to 26 g (0.88 to 0.92 oz). The sexes are thought to have the same plumage. Adults have uniform fuscous brown face, crown, back, rump, and uppertail coverts. Their wing coverts are dull chestnut and their flight feathers brownish gray. Their tail is blackish; it is long and the feathers have blunt tips. Their chin and throat are black. The rest of their underparts are brownish gray with a buffier center to the belly. Their iris is orange to rufescent, their bill black to blackish brown, and their legs and feet gray. Juveniles have grayish wing coverts.
分类信息
The red-shouldered spinetail was long treated as the sole member of genus Gyalophylax but molecular phylogenetic studies show that Gyalophylax is embedded within Synallaxis. The red-shouldered spinetail is monotypic.
- 学名
- Synallaxis hellmayri
- 命名信息
- Reiser, 1905
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Synallaxis
分布与栖息地
The red-shouldered spinetail is found in eastern Brazil, in an area roughly bounded by Piauí, western Pernambuco, and extreme northern Minas Gerais. It inhabits arid scrubby woodland within the caatinga biome, and favors areas dense with terrestrial bromeliads. In elevation it ranges between 200 and 400 m (700 and 1,300 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The red-shouldered spinetail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The red-shouldered spinetail feeds mostly on arthropods but also includes seeds in its diet. It usually forages in pairs, gleaning its prey mainly from leaf litter on the ground but also seeking it in foliage and on small branches up to about 2 m (7 ft) above the ground.<p>The red-shouldered spinetail's breeding season is thought to be from October to April. Its one known nest was a bulky mass of cactus spines about twice as long as wide, with an upward-slanting entrance tube. Nothing else is known about its breeding biology.<p>The red-shouldered spinetail's song is "a loud, fast, accelerating series that fades towards end...usually introduced with 1–4 quiet, widely spaced dry notes". Pairs exchange "tre-tré" or "tchí-krr" calls while foraging. The species' alarm call is a "high, shrill 'quebéc' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Southern Variable Pitohui
Pitohui uropygialis
A fairly large bird of mainly secondary lowland and foothill forest edge. As the name suggests, a variably plumaged bird. Males mostly have a black hood, wing and tail with belly and back, chestnut or orange-brown. Males and females of some races have a brown head. Very similar to Hooded Pitohui, but Southern Variable is usually found at lower elevation and has black rather than brown above the base of the tail. Song, a varied, jumbled warble.
Jandaya Parakeet
Aratinga jandaya
Strikingly colored parakeet with a yellow head and chest, orange around the eyes and bill, orange on the belly, and blue flight feathers. Highly gregarious and noisy; can be seen flying over forests, woodlands, and agricultural areas, as well as in cities.
Great Frigatebird
Fregata minor
A large black seabird that holds its wings in a distinctive crook. The long, forked tail may appear pointed when folded. Males are all black with a red throat pouch. Females have a white breast. Immatures have a white head and breast. All-dark plumage of male and lack of a pale “armpit” in female and immature separate this species from Lesser and Christmas Island Frigatebirds. Separation from Magnificent Frigatebird can be difficult; note pale wing panel in males and indistinct pale throat in females (Magnificent females have a clean all-dark head). Nests in trees and bushes on tropical islands. Often seen flying along the shoreline, sometimes very high, and sometimes inland. Chases other seabirds to steal their prey.
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