Yungas Pygmy-Owl
Glaucidium bolivianum
Small brown-and-white owl found in humid montane habitats. Variably reddish or grayish brown, with white spotting throughout and a black-and-white false eye pattern on the back of its head characteristic of pygmy-owls. Found in humid habitats at higher elevations than other pygmy-owls. Listen for its tooting song, usually given at a pace of about two toots per second.
识别特征
The Yungas pygmy owl is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long. Males weigh 55 to 58 g (1.9 to 2.0 oz) and females average 66.5 g (2.35 oz). The species has three color morphs, a rare gray one and common and widespread brown and rufous morphs. All have pale dots on the crown, back, and upper wings and pale bands on the tail. Their napes have "false eyes". Their undersides are pale with brownish streaks on the flanks and belly.
分类信息
The Yungas pygmy owl has been treated as a subspecies of Andean pygmy owl (Glaucidium jardinii) but since at least the 1990s has been accepted as a species in its own right and sister to G. jardinii. It is monotypic.
- 学名
- Glaucidium bolivianum
- 命名信息
- König, C, 1991
- 目
- Strigiformes
- 科
- Strigidae
- 属
- Glaucidium
分布与栖息地
The Yungas pygmy owl is found on the eastern slope of the Andes of Peru south through Bolivia into northwestern Argentina. In elevation it usually ranges between 1,400 and 3,000 m (4,600 and 9,800 ft) but can be found as low as 900 m (3,000 ft) and in Bolivia as high as 3,900 m (12,800 ft). It inhabits montane forest and cloudforest with heavy undergrowth and much moss and epiphytes, and also Podocarpus forest. It usually is found from the mid-levels of the forest into the canopy.
- 迁徙
- Vertical migration
行为
The Yungas pymy owl is primarily nocturnal and crepuscular, though it can be active in daylight. It forages mostly in the canopy and in dense foliage below it for insects and other arthropods, small birds, and possibly reptiles.<p>Almost nothing is known about the Yungas pygmy owl's breeding phenology. It is thought to nest primarily in old woodpecker holes.<p>The Yungas pygmy owl's song is a "rather slow series of equally spaced hollow notes" sometimes preceded by two or three whistled notes.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Striped Flufftail
Sarothrura affinis
Small rail of grassland and heath. Very shy and elusive bird that is unlikely to be seen unless expressly looking for it. Male has a rufous head and black body with heavy white streaks. Female brown with barring and spotting below. Found in fynbos, montane heath, grassland, and locally in wetlands. Call is a series of long, rising, hollow hoots. Similar to Streaky-headed and Red-chested Flufftails, but male has less rufous on the chest, and female is paler and more patterned below. Usually found in drier habitats than other flufftails.
Black-faced Munia
Lonchura molucca
A striking finch with a black hood, light brown collar, extensively barred white underside, and pale barred rump. Juveniles duller, brown above and buffy below, lacking bars. Singles to small groups inhabit open country in lowlands and foothills, including croplands, scrub, grassy areas, and woodland edge. Terrestrial, but perches in trees and bushes too. Adult differs from Scaly-breasted Munia in black hood and pale rump. Juvenile has a smaller bill than immature Five-colored Munia. Gives high-pitched, buzzy “krrit” calls, like a tiny tin horn.
Obscure Honeyeater
Caligavis obscura
An uncommon, medium-sized honeyeater of foothill forest midstory. Olive-colored with a bright-yellow face, a black line below the eye, starting from the bill and ending in a white ear spot. Most similar to Black-throated Honeyeater but little if any overlap in elevation. Obscure Honeyeater is smaller and has gray rather than orange legs. Song, a series of usually 5 “chip” notes, first rising, then falling.
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