Roraiman Barbtail
Roraimia adusta
Small, boldly patterned bird of mossy tepui forests. Mostly rufous-brown on back and tail, with dark ear patch, bright white throat, and dark underparts streaked white. Found only in humid, mossy forest on tepui slopes, where it is often one of the more common understory birds provided moss growth is sufficient. Clambers over branches and climbs small tree trunks, gleaning insects from bark and probing into moss, usually in the understory but up into middle levels as well. Often follows mixed-species flocks. Contact call between members of a pair is an sharp squeak. Song is a series of 6–9 high-pitched, forceful notes, the first somewhat lower pitched. Unlikely to be mistaken for other species given bold plumage pattern and restricted range.
识别特征
The Roraiman barbtail is 14 to 15 cm (5.5 to 5.9 in) long and weighs 14 to 20 g (0.49 to 0.71 oz). It is a dramatically patterned furnariid that resembles a Margarornis treerunner but is unique in its range. The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies R. a. adusta have dark blackish brown lores and ear coverts and a wide bright chestnut supercilium that extends around the nape. Their forehead is bright chestnut, their crown dark brown, and their upperparts chestnut. Their tail is also chestnut; the feathers lack barbs at the end giving a spiky appearance. Their wing coverts are dusky brown with chestnut edges and their flight feathers are brown with a chestnut tinge. Their chin and cheeks are white with a creamy tinge on the lower throat. Their underparts are streaked brown and buff that fade towards the vent area. Their flanks are dark reddish brown and their undertail coverts rufescent brown with reddish streaks. Their iris is brown, their maxilla black, their mandible pale with a black outer third, and their legs and feet brownish gray. Juveniles have much less of a supercilium than adults and a less reddish back and less distinct streaks on their underparts.<p>Subspecies R. a. obscurodorsalis is darker overall than the nominate and has blackish edges on the feathers of its back. R. a. duidae has slightly brighter upperparts and a less reddish supercilium than the nominate. R. a. mayri has a browner, less chestnut, back than the nominate.
分类信息
The Roraiman barbtail is the only member of its genus. Beyond that its taxonomy is unsettled. The International Ornithological Committee and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World assign it these four subspecies:<p>However, the Clements taxonomy does not recognize R. a. mayri but includes it within R. a. adusta.<p>At various times the Roraiman barbtail has been treated as a member of genus Margarornis and as a subspecies of the stripe-breasted spinetail (Synallaxis cinnamomea). Multiple genetic studies refute those treatments and support its placement in a unique genus.<p>The species' English name and specific epithet derive from Mount Roraima, a prominent feature straddling the borders of Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana, and where the type specimen was apparently collected.<p>This article follows the four-subspecies model.
- 学名
- Roraimia adusta
- 命名信息
- (Salvin & Godman, 1884)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Roraimia
分布与栖息地
The Roraiman barbtail is found in the tepui region where Venezuela, Guyana, and Brazil meet. The subspecies are found thus:<p>The Roraiman barbtail inhabits humid montane evergreen forest and elfin forest both primary and secondary. It favors landscapes with much moss and epiphytes. In elevation it overall ranges from 1,000 to 2,500 m (3,300 to 8,200 ft) but in Brazil is found above 1,200 m (3,900 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Roraiman barbtail is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The Roraiman barbtail feeds on arthropods. It usually forages singly or in pairs and regularly joins mixed-species feeding flocks. It forages in undergrowth, seldom more than about 6 m (20 ft) above the ground. It gleans prey from moss and epiphytes while hitching and creeping up trunks and along branches and vines.<p>Nothing is known about the Roraiman barbtail's breeding biology.<p>The Roraiman barbtail's song is " 7–8 clear notes that ascend rapidly, 'tee-tee-tee-teuu-teuu-tuutuu' ". Its call is a "very high, inquiring 'whit?' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Halmahera Boobook
Ninox hypogramma
A brown owl with a rounded head, yellow eyes, and rufescent barred underparts. Inhabits forest in the lowlands and lower foothills, where it usually occurs in territorial pairs. Confined to the North Moluccas, where it overlaps with migrant Northern Boobook and Barking Owl, but can be separated from those species by its barred underparts and very different voice. Song is a gruff, abrupt, two-note frog-like “woo-wooo” with a slightly longer second note.
Vaux's Swift
Chaetura vauxi
Very small swift with stiff, quick wingbeats. Grayish overall with paler throat and brownish rump. Relatively short-winged and short-tailed compared with other similar swifts. Often in small flocks. Listen for its high-pitched chips and trills. Feeds on aerial insects over a variety of habitats, including forests, fields, towns, and bodies of water. Multiple populations are surely distinct species. Migratory population breeds extensively in the western U.S. and Canada, wintering to Central America. Resident “Richmond’s Swift” occurs through much of Mexico and Central America, and is darker overall than migratory Vaux’s with a more contrasting pale throat and browner rump. There are also resident populations on the Yucatan peninsula and in western Venezuela, for which identification criteria are not well-defined. Range overlaps with several other similar swifts in Mexico and Central America. Vaux’s is smaller with quicker wingbeats than Chimney Swift or Gray-rumped Swift, with higher-pitched calls.
Warsangli Linnet
Linaria johannis
A fine-billed finch with a notched tail. Neatly patterned mostly in gray and white, with black wings and tail and a rufous lower back and thighs. Male has a striking white eyebrow, lower cheek patch, wing notch, and rump. Female is duller, with a less striking facial pattern; juvenile is buffier and streakier. A rare resident in the hilly Daalo and Mash Caleed regions of northern Somalia, where it prefers degraded juniper forest and other woodland and scrub between 1200 and 2400 meters of elevation. Forages on the ground in pairs or small groups, and perches on exposed branches and dead trees. Sings a typical canary-like song with whistles, trills, and buzzes. Calls include a high-pitched “tsee-wit.” Streaky juvenile could be confused with a canary, but white in the wing is distinctive.
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