Yellow-rumped Honeyguide
Indicator xanthonotus
A short-billed bird that looks rather like a large, stretched-out finch. Dark brown overall with pale streaking on the back and flashes of bright yellow on the head and rump. Almost always seen in close proximity to the nests of Giant Asian Honeybees, from which it takes beeswax, and which often hang from ledges, trees, and cave openings. Dull color and bright head may recall some female rosefinches, but note the honeyguide’s comparatively small-headed appearance and unique behavior.
分类信息
- 学名
- Indicator xanthonotus
- 命名信息
- Blyth, 1842
- 目
- Piciformes
- 科
- Indicatoridae
- 属
- Indicator
分布与栖息地
The species has been recorded from northern Pakistan (Hazara and Murree Hills) but the population here may have been extirpated and then in the Himalayan regions of India from western Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh extending into Nepal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Bhutan (where it is relatively common). It is also found in southeastern Tibet and northern Myanmar. It is found in coniferous and dry-deciduous forest with rocky boulders and cliffs. May make altitudinal movements seasonally.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
A chipping call is produced in flight and when agitated. The flight is straight (may sometimes be undulating) and direct, sometimes in flocks of 20 to 30 birds. At deserted honeycombs, the bird clings tight and presses its tail on the surface of the comb. They feed mainly on the foundation wax of Apis laboriosa that attach the comb to rocks. They feed on active beehives without disturbing the bees much. They have been observed to make use of the attacks of Vespa mandarinia on Apis laboriosa colonies.<p>A display of a male involved fluffing its feathers, holding the bill high and flicking wings while swaying from side to side. A female was observed flicking its tail and pressing it down with wings drooped before being mounted by a male. They are brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nest of host species. The host species for the yellow-rumped honeyguide are as yet unknown and undocumented. Young birds of honeyguide species have bill-hooks with which they destroy the eggs and chicks of the host. The male holds territories around hives and are polygynous, allowing females with whom it had mated and their young into the territories. This mating system has been termed as "resource-based non-harem polygyny".<p>Unlike other honeyguides, this species has not been observed to lead humans and bears to bee hives.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cape Spurfowl
Pternistis capensis
A large, mostly dark brown francolin with pale feather-edging that forms a fine scaly pattern on the body. It also has dull red legs and a mostly reddish bill with a dark top and yellow base. The pale eyebrow and throat are emphasized on a dark face. The juvenile is duller. The loud, territorial crowing call (“kak-kaak, kak-keek, kak-keek”) is given from a low perch; it increases in pitch but decreases in volume. Bold and confiding, it is widespread and common in its range; found in fynbos, semi-arid zones, and coastal scrub. Gray-winged Francolin differs by having yellow legs, a rufous-streaked chest, and a gray-and-brown necklacing pattern.
Pantanal Snipe
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Cryptic shorebird found predominately in lowland wet grasslands and flooded fields. Note the long straight bill, white belly with variegated cryptic plumage, and prominent contrasting pale lines on the face and back. In flight, shows a white terminal tail band. Sings a fast repetitive “kek kek kek kek” when on the ground. Also listen for harsh and vibrating “drumming” notes that increase in volume, produced with its tail feathers during flight displays. Not restricted to Paraguay; widespread across much of South America. Formerly known as South American Snipe.
Gray-cheeked Nunlet
Nonnula frontalis
Rare and unobtrusive in forests and woodlands, typically with dense understory. Distinctive within limited range. Rather plump with large, slightly decurved bill. Brownish overall with warmer rufous crown, gray cheek, and tawny throat. Also note pinkish eyering. Sexes similar. Perches stolidly in the lower to middle levels; typically singly or in pairs.
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