Green-crowned Plovercrest
Stephanoxis lalandi
Medium-sized hummingbird with an iridescent green body and short bill. Males have a long iridescent green crest, a violet throat that extends down the belly, flanked in gray. The female has a less prominent crest, a gray belly, and a more prominent white spot behind the eye. Resembles Violet-crowned Plovercrest, but male Green-crowned Plovercrests have a green rather than violet-blue crest. Females of Green-crowned Plovercrest have slightly smaller white tips to the outer tail feathers. Found in the understory of lowland and montane forests and light woodlands.
识别特征
The green-crowned plovercrest is 8.5 to 9 cm (3.3 to 3.5 in) long. Males weigh 3 to 3.4 g (0.11 to 0.12 oz) and females about 2.2 g (0.078 oz). Both sexes have a short, straight, black bill. Adult males have a shaggy, mostly iridescent green, crest whose longest feather is purplish black. Their face is gray with a white spot behind the eye. Their upperparts are shining bronze-green. Their chin to upper belly is violet-blue and the rest of the underparts are gray. Their central tail feathers are green and the rest green with a blackish band near the end and grayish white tips. Adult females and juveniles have a smaller crest. Their upperparts are shining green and their underparts gray.
分类信息
The green-crowned plovercrest and purple-crowned plovercrest (Stephanoxis loddigesii) were originally treated as separate species but in the mid-1900s were combined under the name "plovercrest" with the binomial S. lalandi. A study published in 2014 provided evidence that the original two-species treatment was correct. Taxonomists worldwide agreed and the two taxa were restored to species status. They are the only members of the genus and are monotypic.
- 学名
- Stephanoxis lalandi
- 命名信息
- (Vieillot, 1818)
- 目
- Apodiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Stephanoxis
分布与栖息地
The green-crowned plovercrest is found in the eastern Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro. It inhabits the understory of forest, scrublands, and vegetation along watercourses. In elevation it mostly ranges between sea level and about 1,500 m (4,900 ft) but has been found as high as 2,900 m (9,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Migration pattern: Resident species.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
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分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
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All-black songbird with decurved bill and long, cleft tail that curves up at the end. Adult has bright red eye, young birds dark-eyed. Plumage shows metallic iridescence in optimal light. Metallic Starling has finer bill, tapered tail. Inhabits great variety of habitats, where it chases insects mercilessly. Perches prominently, delivering harsh, squawking calls, often mimicking other species such as butcherbirds and kingfishers.
Black-bellied Thorntail
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Tiny, coquette-like hummingbird. Males are iridescent emerald green with a black belly, bold white rump band, short crest, and long, straight tail feathers. Females are similar, but are duller below with a shorter tail. Compared to the similar Festive Coquette, females have darker plumage. Usually found in mature rainforest, where it forages at flowering trees at all levels of the forest.
Pied-crested Tit-Tyrant
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Attractive but rather local little bird of scrubby habitats and dense hedgerows in lowland desert. Mostly stays well hidden, hopping low to high in bushes and trees, tail sometimes held cocked. Sings from atop a bush or other prominent low perch. Readily identified by long spiky crest with a flashy white median patch. Male has solidly black face and throat while female has a whitish face and throat with black streaks. Immature has a plainer face with a whitish throat and shorter crest, but still has a big white flash in crest.
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