Green-crowned Plovercrest
Stephanoxis lalandi
Medium-sized hummingbird with an iridescent green body and short bill. Males have a long iridescent green crest, a violet throat that extends down the belly, flanked in gray. The female has a less prominent crest, a gray belly, and a more prominent white spot behind the eye. Resembles Violet-crowned Plovercrest, but male Green-crowned Plovercrests have a green rather than violet-blue crest. Females of Green-crowned Plovercrest have slightly smaller white tips to the outer tail feathers. Found in the understory of lowland and montane forests and light woodlands.
识别特征
The green-crowned plovercrest is 8.5 to 9 cm (3.3 to 3.5 in) long. Males weigh 3 to 3.4 g (0.11 to 0.12 oz) and females about 2.2 g (0.078 oz). Both sexes have a short, straight, black bill. Adult males have a shaggy, mostly iridescent green, crest whose longest feather is purplish black. Their face is gray with a white spot behind the eye. Their upperparts are shining bronze-green. Their chin to upper belly is violet-blue and the rest of the underparts are gray. Their central tail feathers are green and the rest green with a blackish band near the end and grayish white tips. Adult females and juveniles have a smaller crest. Their upperparts are shining green and their underparts gray.
分类信息
The green-crowned plovercrest and purple-crowned plovercrest (Stephanoxis loddigesii) were originally treated as separate species but in the mid-1900s were combined under the name "plovercrest" with the binomial S. lalandi. A study published in 2014 provided evidence that the original two-species treatment was correct. Taxonomists worldwide agreed and the two taxa were restored to species status. They are the only members of the genus and are monotypic.
- 学名
- Stephanoxis lalandi
- 命名信息
- (Vieillot, 1818)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Stephanoxis
分布与栖息地
The green-crowned plovercrest is found in the eastern Brazilian states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro. It inhabits the understory of forest, scrublands, and vegetation along watercourses. In elevation it mostly ranges between sea level and about 1,500 m (4,900 ft) but has been found as high as 2,900 m (9,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The green-crowned plovercrest is mostly sedentary, though it might make some seasonal movements.<p>The green-crowned plovercrest forages for nectar from near the ground to the canopy, utilizing both native and introduced flowering species. Males defend feeding territories duing the breeding season. In addition to nectar, the species feeds on insects caught in flight or gleaned from leaves.<p>The green-crowned plovercrest's breeding season spans from October to March. Males usually gather at leks to court females, but single birds also display. Females make a cup nest of soft plant and seed fibers bound with spiderweb. It is typically placed on a forked branch in vegetation at about 1 to 3 m (3 to 10 ft) above the ground. Females incubate the clutch of two eggs for 14 to 16 days and fledging occurs 24 to 28 days after hatch.<p>The male green-crowned plovercrest's song is "a long series of a repeated modulated note, 'tsi-ling...tsi-ling...tsi-ling...'", which typically starts with "a high-pitched 'tsee'."
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- unknown
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Striped Honeyeater
Plectorhyncha lanceolata
Medium-sized honeyeater with distinctive streaking. Underparts white, upperparts primarily gray. Distinctively streaked black-and-white on head, extending to upper back. Occupies a broad range of habitats in eastern Australia. Fairly secretive and is heard more often than seen. Song varies but is a loud string of melodic notes, often ascending in pitch.
White-chinned Woodcreeper
Dendrocincla merula
Widespread but generally rare across much of northern South America. A medium-sized, plain brown woodcreeper with a bluish eye and limited white throat (sometimes nearly lacking). Completely unstreaked, so unlikely to be confused with anything but Plain-brown Woodcreeper, which has a stronger face pattern (especially a dark mustache) and lacks the bluish eye of White-chinned. Almost always seen near swarms of army ants, singly or in pairs. Occurs in lowland forest.
Black Honeyeater
Sugomel nigrum
Tiny nomadic honeyeater with thin decurved bill, found across arid inland Australia. Male has completely black upperparts and black hood that extends down the center of the breast to a rough point. Female gray-brown above, with mottled dark marks on pale brown underparts. Often attracted to areas of flowering Eremophila bushes. Call a long, high-pitched whistle, repeated slowly.
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