Black-bellied Thorntail
Discosura langsdorffi
Tiny, coquette-like hummingbird. Males are iridescent emerald green with a black belly, bold white rump band, short crest, and long, straight tail feathers. Females are similar, but are duller below with a shorter tail. Compared to the similar Festive Coquette, females have darker plumage. Usually found in mature rainforest, where it forages at flowering trees at all levels of the forest.
识别特征
The black-bellied thorntail weighs about 3.2 g (0.11 oz). Males are 12 to 13.7 cm (4.7 to 5.4 in) long and females 7.4 to 7.6 cm (2.9 to 3.0 in). Adults of both sexes of the nominate subspecies have an iridescent emerald green crown and coppery green upperparts with a white band across the rump. The male's gorget is iridescent emerald green with a golden coppery band below it. Its flanks are bronzy green and the rest of the underparts black. The tail inner feathers of the tail are steely blue and the outer three pairs gray; all have white shafts. The tail is deeply forked, and the outer feathers are very narrow which give the species its common name. The female's throat is white with green and black spangles and it has a thin white streak on the cheek. Its breast is spangled green with a coppery lower border; the belly is black with a white patch on the flank. Its tail is short, only slightly forked, and steely blue with bronze at the base and white tips. Juveniles are similar to the adult female. Subspecies D. l. melanosternon is slightly smaller than the nominate; its crown is grass green, the breast more golden, and the rest of the underparts darker.
分类信息
The black-bellied thorntail was briefly placed in genus Gouldomyia that was then merged into Popelairia. Since the late 1900s that genus has been merged into the present Discosura. Some authors have further merged Discosura into Lophornis but this treatment has not been widely accepted.<p>Two subspecies are recognized, the nominate D. l. langsdorffi (Temminck, 1821) and D. l. melanosternon (Gould, 1868).
- 学名
- Discosura langsdorffi
- 命名信息
- (Temminck, 1821)
- 目
- Caprimulgiformes
- 科
- Trochilidae
- 属
- Discosura
分布与栖息地
The nominate subspecies of black-bellied thorntail is restricted to coastal eastern Brazil from southeastern Bahia south through Espírito Santo into eastern Rio de Janeiro. D. l. melanosternon is found in Amazonia of southern Venezuela, southeastern Colombia, eastern Ecuador and Peru, far northern Bolivia, and western Brazil. It inhabits the edges and interior of humid lowland forest generally at elevations between 100 and 300 m (330 and 980 ft). In Amazonia it is mostly found in terra firme forest but also occurs in the transition zone between terra firme and várzea.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The black-bellied thorntail is believed to be sedentary.<p>The black-bellied thorntail feeds on the nectar of a wide variety of flowering trees and other plants. It mostly forages from the middle level of the forest to the canopy. It also feeds on arthropods, and a female has been observed apparently picking insects from a spider web.<p>The black-bellied thorntail breeds between November and February in eastern Brazil and between September and March in the Amazonian part of its range. It makes a cup nest of soft plant down decorated with lichen on the outside. It typically places it on a horizontal branch about 10 to 35 m (33 to 110 ft) above the ground. The female incubates the clutch of two eggs for about 13 days; fledging is about 20 days after hatch.<p>The black-bellied thorntail is mostly silent. When feeding it gives a "short 'tsip' or 'chip'." Its wings make a bee-like humming when hovering.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Madagascar Yellowbrow
Crossleyia xanthophrys
Medium-sized, dark tetraka with pale yellow underparts and a wide eye-stripe. Madagascar endemic of middle- and high-elevation rainforest. Found on or near the ground, often in patches of bamboo or other thick tangles. Common calls are a short silvery trill and an explosive series of “sit” notes. Separated from all other tetrakas by its yellow eye-stripe.
Bower's Shrikethrush
Colluricincla boweri
Sturdy songbird with substantial bill. Male brown above, peach-buff below, with black bill, grayish head, and pale throat and breast with faint streaking. Female and immature similar but with gray bill and thin orange eyering. Inhabits rainforest at higher elevations in the Wet Tropics region above Cairns in far northern Queensland. Song comprised of four quiet notes followed by three loud, ringing notes.
Biak Paradise-Kingfisher
Tanysiptera riedelii
A fairly common, long-tailed kingfisher of primary and degraded forest on Biak Island where it is the only paradise-kingfisher. White underparts, rump and long tail with large spatules, thick red bill, dark blue upperparts and pale blue flecked head, shoulder patch and narrow part of the tail. It sits still in the midstorey where it pumps its tail up and down. Calls, a slightly arhythmic series of soft “piu” notes, or a rising and accelerating series of sharper “puuu puu pipipipipipi! often given in duet.
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