Brown-cheeked Hornbill
Bycanistes cylindricus
Big, spectacular black-and-white hornbill. Males have a large cream-colored bill, and females a much smaller and darker one. In flight, shows a broad white patch at the back of the wing, white wingtips, and a white tail with a black band. Found in the canopy of lowland rainforest, usually in pairs or small groups. The loud calls are honking and yapping notes that are often given in a quick series. Similar to Black-and-white-casqued Hornbill, but has a white tail with a black band, the wingtips are white, and the bill is paler. Could be confused with Piping Hornbill, but much larger, with much more white in the wings and tail and a paler bill.
识别特征
The brown-cheeked hornbill is a large bird, measuring 60 to 70 cm (24 to 28 in) in length. The male has a large yellow, down-curving beak topped by a casque, a hollow structure attached to the upper mandible. The head, upper parts and underparts are black apart from the reddish-brown cheeks, and the white rump, belly and tail. The female is smaller but otherwise similar to the male apart from having a black beak and casque. Its call is a descending series of coarse croaks "rrah...rrah...rrah...rrah" or "rack kack kak-kak".
分类信息
- 学名
- Bycanistes cylindricus
- 命名信息
- (Temminck, 1831)
- 目
- Bucerotiformes
- 科
- Bucerotidae
- 属
- Bycanistes
分布与栖息地
The brown-cheeked hornbill is native to the Upper Guinean forests region of tropical West Africa, its range including southern Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, southwestern Ghana and Togo. These forests are moist deciduous, semi-evergreen mixed forests, typically containing a range of tree species, some of which drop their leaves during the dry season. It is also found in mature second-growth forest.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The brown-cheeked hornbill covers large distances while foraging in the forest. It feeds on fruits and is an excellent disperser of the seeds, which may be deposited as far from their origin as 6.9 km (4.3 mi). Many forest trees have large seeds, and any decrease in the populations of frugivorous birds like the brown-cheeked hornbill is likely to impact adversely on the dispersal of seeds and the regeneration of forest. This hornbill also feeds on insects, which it catches on the wing. It nests in cavities in trees some 20 m (66 ft) above the ground, and may be dependent on there being large trees, alive or dead, for suitable nesting sites. Breeding may not take place every year.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cinereous Bunting
Emberiza cineracea
Similar to Ortolan and Cretzschmar's Buntings. Males are faintly-streaked with a yellow-green head. Some populations have a yellow belly while others have a gray-white belly. Females and young lack bright yellow tones and are faintly streaked on the throat and breast. Belly whitish, not orange or buff like Ortolan and Cretzschmar’s Bunting. Breeds on open rocky mountain slopes with scattered bushes. During migration found in a varity of open habitats. Flight call is similar to that of Cretzschmar's Bunting, a sharp "Tzip."
Southern Hyliota
Hyliota australis
Mid-sized, generic-looking warbler-like bird. Males have a matte black back, a white wing patch, and very pale yellowish underparts. Females are similar, but browner on the back. Found mainly in broadleaf savanna, and locally in humid forest. Usually in pairs or small groups, which will join mixed-species feeding flocks. The quiet vocalizations include chatty calls and trills. Very similar to Yellow-bellied Hyliota. In most of the range, Southern males distinguished by the smaller white patch on the wing, and females by their browner upperparts. In Uganda and Kenya, males are extremely similar, but Southern can still be recognized by its non-glossy black back.
Waigeo Brushturkey
Aepypodius bruijnii
A very little-known, large, black ground bird endemic to the upland forests on Waigeo Island. Black above with some chestnut in the breast and a bare pink head and throat. The male has rather distasteful flaps of bare red skin on the head and a wattle hanging down from the base of the throat. The male often twitches his head. The only other member of the family on Waigeo is the Dusky Scrubfowl, but Waigeo Brushturkey is larger with a pinkish head.
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