White-throated Earthcreeper
Upucerthia albigula
Fairly common but local in higher foothills of the Andes. Found in scrubby valleys, often in villages and adjacent agricultural terraces. Usually seen as singles or pairs, feeding on the ground near cover or singing from a prominent rock or post. Very similar to Buff-breasted Earthcreeper. The two species often occur together and even nest in the same bank, but their songs differ. White-throated Earthcreeper also has slightly more contrasting plumage with a bolder pale eyebrow and a paler throat, but not strikingly white.
识别特征
The white-throated earthcreeper is 18 to 19.5 cm (7.1 to 7.7 in) long and weighs about 40 g (1.4 oz). It has a long, stout, strongly decurved bill. The sexes' plumages are alike. Adults have a wide buff supercilium. Their crown, back, rump, and uppertail coverts are brown; the crown is somewhat darker and grayer than the back. Their tail is dull rufous or rufescent brown. Their wing coverts are dull rufescent brown and their flight feathers dark rufous. Their throat is buffy white with faint dusky scaling, their breast pale tawny buff with faint dusky scaling, their belly pale tawny buff with a white center in the lower part, and their flanks tawny brown. Their iris is brown, their maxilla black, their mandible brownish gray or black, and their legs and feet black, dark brown, or dark gray.
分类信息
The white-throated earthcreeper is monotypic.
- 学名
- Upucerthia albigula
- 命名信息
- Hellmayr, 1932
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Upucerthia
分布与栖息地
The white-throated earthcreeper is found on the western slope of the Andes from Peru's Department of Lima south into Chile's Tarapacá Region. In elevation it occurs between 2,200 and 3,500 m (7,200 and 11,500 ft) in Peru and 3,000 and 3,800 m (9,800 and 12,500 ft) in Chile. It inhabits rather arid landscapes like rocky, steep-walled washes and nearby desert with clumps of cacti and scattered bushes. It also occurs along the edges of irrigated farmland where it meets the dryer natural habitat. It often is found along the rock walls separating fields.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The white-throated earthcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>Little is known about the white-throated earthcreeper's diet; it is assumed to be arthropods like that of other Upucerthia earthcreepers. Like them, it typically forages alone or in pairs, running and hopping on the ground and probing for prey.<p>Almost nothing is known about the white-throated earthcreeper's breeding biology. Its breeding season includes November. Only one nest has been studied; it was a chamber lined with grass at the end of a long tunnel in the side of an earthen bluff. It contained two eggs.<p>The white-throated earthcreeper's song is "an accelerating, rising-falling series of liquid chipping notes: 'tup tup chi-chi-chi-chi-chi' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Subdesert Brush-Warbler
Nesillas lantzii
Medium-sized pale-brown bird with a long, spiky tail. Endemic to Madagascar, where it is found in southwestern spiny forest and scrub. Skulks in thick undergrowth. Incessantly given call is a Geiger counter-like ticking. Paler brown than Madagascar Brush-Warbler, with a higher-pitched call and little overlap in range. Similar to Madagascar Swamp-Warbler, but is paler, has less distinct breast streaking and a white eyebrow, and is generally found in scrub or spiny forest rather than marsh.
Transvolcanic Jay
Aphelocoma ultramarina
Rather large, blue-and-gray jay of highland pine and pine-oak forest endemic to highlands of central Mexico; occurs in transvolcanic belt from Volcánes de Colima in the west to Volcán Orizaba in the east. Typically travels in wide-ranging flocks of 5–25 birds, mainly at middle to upper levels in trees. Appreciably larger and broader-winged than Woodhouse's Scrub-Jays, with plainer plumage (lacks dark mask, whitish eyebrow, and partial dark collar of Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay). Noisy calls carry well.
Red-faced Crimsonwing
Cryptospiza reichenovii
Small, dark member of the waxbill family. The back is red, the wings and tail black, and the underparts dull olive. Males and females are similar, though males show a red patch on the face and females a pale yellow one. Found in middle-elevation montane forest, mainly in thick and wet areas, such as along streams, and including forest edge and glades. Inconspicuous bird that is usually found in pairs or small groups. The call is a high-pitched “tsit.” Similar in size and overall coloration to Abyssinian Crimsonwing, but paler, and shows red or yellow on the face.
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