Bolivian Earthcreeper
Tarphonomus harterti
Medium-sized brown bird of the ground and understory of thorn forest in Bolivia’s lower interandean valleys, though occurs locally at higher elevations. In most of range, the only earthcreeper. Prefers dense understory more than other species of earthcreeper. More often heard than seen, but not hard to find once the dry staccato song is learned.
识别特征
The Bolivian earthcreeper is about 16 cm (6.3 in) long and weighs 22 to 26 g (0.78 to 0.92 oz). It is a small earthcreeper with a long and very slightly decurved bill. The sexes' plumages are alike. Adults have a wide buff supercilium on a mostly dark brownish face. Their crown is dark brown, their back and rump rich brown, and their uppertail coverts reddish brown. Most of their tail feathers have rufous-chestnut bases that blend to fuscous brown ends; the outermost pair are entirely rufous-chestnut. Their wings are rich brown with dark rufous bases on the flight feathers. Their throat and cheeks are white. Their breast and belly are pale cinnamon-buff, their flanks rufescent brown, and their undertail coverts dull rufous. Their iris is brown, their maxilla blackish, their mandible pale with a blackish tip, and their legs and feet brownish-olive or gray.
分类信息
- 学名
- Tarphonomus harterti
- 命名信息
- (Berlepsch, 1892)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Tarphonomus
分布与栖息地
The Clements taxonomy places the Bolivian earthcreeper only in the Andes of the southern Bolivian departments of Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and Chuquisaca. The IUCN also places it only in Bolivia. The International Ornithological Committee and the South American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society extend its range in northern Argentina.<p>The Bolivian earthcreeper inhabits arid montane scrublands that include short deciduous woodland. In elevation it ranges between 1,400 and 3,000 m (4,600 and 9,800 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Bolivian earthcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The Bolivian earthcreeper's diet is almost entirely arthropods but it has also been recorded feeding on tiny molluscs. It usually forages alone as it gleans and probes for prey on the ground and in rock crevices.<p>Nothing is known about the Bolivian earthcreeper's breeding biology, though it is assumed to nest during the austral summer.<p>The Bolivian earthcreeper's song is "a series of 7–15 loud, dry, clear, penetrating 'zeet' notes that increase in intensity, descend in pitch, ending in chatter". Its call is "a sharp 'bzeeeeeep' or 'dzyoot', repeated frequently". It also makes a "rodent-like, wheezy, piercing whistle, 'dzeea' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Black-throated Antbird
Myrmophylax atrothorax
Medium-sized antbird of dense understory and riverside vegetation. Males are deep chestnut-brown, with black throat and white wing spots; females are lighter red-brown above, light tan below, with white wing spots as in male. Typically found in dense vegetation along rivers, particularly common in dense cane stands; sometimes also found away from water around forest edges and in tree fall gaps. Listen for an ascending series of high, whiny notes, decelerating then accelerating.
Green-breasted Bushshrike
Malaconotus gladiator
A large, robust bushshrike with a massive head, a chunky hook-tipped black bill, and a pale eye; plumage is dull uniform olive, paler underneath, and head is gray. An uncommon resident endemic to the Cameroon-Nigeria highlands, found singly and in pairs in the canopy and at middle levels of primary hill and montane forest between 930 and 2300 meters of elevation, preferring steep slopes. Gives a low-pitched extended sorrowful “whhooooooo-lwe” song up to 10–15 times in succession, along with harsh clicks and rasps. Other similar large bushshrikes are yellow or orange underneath.
Variegated Tinamou
Crypturellus variegatus
Secretive chickenlike bird that walks on the ground inside forest. Very plump; looks tailless. A relatively small tinamou with a striking pattern: look for bright rufous neck contrasting with blackish upperparts distinctly barred with buff. Fairly common and widespread from western Amazonia to southeast Brazil, although it is rarely seen in dense understory of terra firme forest. Listen for its whistled song, a single long note followed by a pause and then a series of shorter querulous rising notes.
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