Merida Tapaculo
Scytalopus meridanus
A tiny, secretive bird of the Venezuelan Andes, plain and dark with a short tail. In good view, mostly plain dark gray with brown, barred belly, more prominent in female. Juvenile mostly brown and markedly barred. Difficult to see as it scurries near the ground in bamboo thickets in cloud forest. Varied vocalizations; like most tapaculos, heard far more often than seen. Two other species of tapaculo occur in range: Blackish Tapaculo is black rather than gray; White-crowned Tapaculo is darker and has a conspicuous white crown; both separable by voice. Endemic to the Venezuelan Andes from Táchira to Lara.
识别特征
The Mérida tapaculo is 10.5 to 11.5 cm (4.1 to 4.5 in) long and weighs 13.5 to 16.5 g (0.48 to 0.58 oz). The male's upper body is dark gray washed with brown; the rump and wings are brown. The throat, breast, and belly are paler gray and the flanks and crissum (the area around the cloaca) tawny with faint darker bars. The female is generally paler but the brown wash of the upper body is darker and the tawny flanks brighter. The juvenile is overall brown, darker above and lighter below, with barred underparts. The adult "Lara" subspecies has minor plumage differences from the nominate but they are thought to be age related.
分类信息
The Mérida tapaculo was previously considered a subspecies of brown-rumped tapaculo (Scytalopus latebricola) but was elevated to species rank based on differences in their vocalizations. Two subspecies are currently (2021) recognized, the nominate S. meridanus meridanus and the "Lara" S. m. fuscicauda. The latter was at one time classed as a subspecies of Magellanic tapaculo (S. magellanicus) and has also been considered a separate species, "Lara tapaculo". It might even be conspecific with S. a. meridanus and not a subspecies.
- 学名
- Scytalopus meridanus
- 命名信息
- Hellmayr, 1922
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Rhinocryptidae
- 属
- Scytalopus
分布与栖息地
The Mérida tapaculo is found only in the Andes of Venezuela. The nominate subspecies is more southerly, in Mérida and Táchira States, while the "Lara" subspecies is north of it in Lara and Trujillo States. It inhabits the undergrowth and edges of humid montane forest. It is found in Chusquea bamboo but does not prefer it. The nominate subspecies is found mostly from 2,200 to 4,000 m (7,200 to 13,100 ft) elevation while the "Lara" subspecies is found lower, from 1,600 to 3,200 m (5,200 to 10,500 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The Mérida tapaculo's diet and foraging phenology have not been studied.<p>Little is known about the Mérida tapaculo's breeding phenology. Two nests of the "Lara" subspecies were globes made of moss, rootlets, and leaves. They were in crevices in a rock wall; one had one egg and the other two eggs. At both nests, both adults incubated the eggs until they were predated.<p>The Mérida tapaculo's song starts with a few descending notes and becomes a rising trill [1]. It has several calls such as [2], [3], and [4].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Cuban Solitaire
Myadestes elisabeth
A medium-sized inhabitant of wet forests in mountains and foothills. Though subtle, its appearance is unique within its range. Note the subdued brown upperparts and soft gray underparts combined with a bold eyering, distinct dark whisker, and white outer tail feathers. Can be mistaken for a flycatcher, as it habitually sits motionless, except for sallies after insects or fruit, but no flycatcher in its range has a similar facial pattern or white outer tail feathers. Famed for its remarkable song, by which it is often first detected; a variable combination of loud shrills and flutelike notes.
Fraser's Sunbird
Deleornis fraseri
A sunbird masquerading as a warbler, this medium-sized sunbird of forest and forest edge is often found in small groups or mixed-species flocks searching the understory deliberately for insects. Overall yellow-green with more olive tones to the head. Has distinctive pale spectacles around its eye and a large, slightly decurved bill. Could be confused with longbills, but note Fraser’s Sunbird’s decurved bill and noticeable spectacles around the eyes. Calls include a short, dry “tiktiktik!” The song is a longer set of sunbird-like notes with noticeable pauses in between, varying in quality from clear whistles to trills: “dree, djier, drtil, drtil.”
Streaked Bulbul
Ixos malaccensis
Large olive-brown bulbul with a long, powerful, chisel-like bill. Pale gray below, with white streaking on the throat and breast. Similarly-shaped Buff-vented Bulbul is browner, with a yellow vent and no streaking on the breast. Inhabits lowland and foothill forests, where it forages up in the middle and upper levels, often with other species. Song is an assemblage of squeaky, upslurred notes.
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