Brown Jacamar
Brachygalba lugubris
A small-headed bird with a long slender bill. Mostly brown with a glossy bluish black, wings, and tail that contrasts with a white chin and belly. Northern subspecies have buffy underparts. Normally sits upright on an exposed branch; often in groups where they sally out to catch insects. Found at the border and in the canopy of forests and savanna woodlands.
识别特征
The brown jacamar is 14 to 18 cm (5.5 to 7.1 in) long and weighs 16 to 23 g (0.56 to 0.81 oz). The upper parts of the nominate are brown and the lower back dark brown with a greenish black gloss. The wings are blackish with a blue sheen. The chin and throat are off-white, the breast and flanks reddish brown, and the lower breast and belly off-white or buff. The other subspecies differ in the tone and intensity of the back and breast colors.
分类信息
The brown jacamar and the dusky-backed (B. salmoni), pale-headed (B. goeringi), and white-throated jacamars (B. albogularis) form a superspecies. The brown jacamar has seven subspecies:<p>Three of them (fulviventris, phaeonota, and melanosterna) were at one time treated as separate species.
- 学名
- Brachygalba lugubris
- 命名信息
- (Swainson, 1838)
- 目
- Galbuliformes
- 科
- Galbulidae
- 属
- Brachygalba
分布与栖息地
The brown jacamar is found in three unconnected areas in northern South America east of the Andes. The details are:<p>The brown jacamar primarily inhabits terra firme, várzea, and gallery forests, both primary and secondary. There it is found in the canopy, along edges, and in shrubby clearings. It is also found along watercourses in savanna and, in some parts of its range, on white sand soils. In elevation it usually ranges from lowlands to 900 m (3,000 ft) but has been found as high as 1,500 m (4,900 ft) in Venezuela.
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The brown jacamar's diet is insects of many kinds. It perches on exposed branches in pairs or small groups and sallies from there to catch its flying prey.<p>The brown jacamar's nest has not been documented, but it is assumed to be a burrow in a soil bank or an arboreal termite nest. In Colombia, a family with three young was noted in March and other individuals in breeding condition in May.<p>The brown jacamar's song is a "descending 'tick tick tick ti ti ti ti tit t t t' or 'plee, plee, plee-plee-plee’ple’pe’pe’e’e’e" ending in a stutter [1]. Its calls are a sharp "hilew" or lower "chewee" [2].
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Red-and-green Macaw
Ara chloropterus
Enormous parrot with a long pointed tail, a red head and body with mostly blue wings and green wing coverts. It has a white face with distinct red stripes. Only possible confusion species is Scarlet Macaw, which has yellow (not green) wing coverts and lacks red stripes on the face. Found in lowland rainforests from eastern Panama to Paraguay. Usually found in pairs, flying over the forest and perching in the canopy. Can gather in small groups, especially at fruiting trees or clay licks. Nests in cavities. Listen for raucous calls, typical of large macaws.
Salvadori's Serin
Crithagra xantholaema
A relatively distinctive gray-brown seedeater with a unique black-and-yellow badge on its upper chest. The yellow rump is conspicuous in flight. Found very locally in dry woodland and savanna, favoring rocky valleys. Similar to Yellow-throated Serin, but there is no known overlap in range, and Salvadori’s is easily separated by the black chest band. The song, consisting of twitters and whistles, is lower-pitched and slower-paced than that of a typical seedeater.
Yellow-breasted Forest Robin
Stiphrornis mabirae
A short-tailed understory robin with a bright yellow-orange throat. Also shows a dark-green back, buff belly, and a white spot in front of the eye. Most often encountered by its song: a duet, in which the male gives high-pitched whistles and the female makes an accompanying chatter. Similar to Orange-breasted Forest Robin (potentially very limited overlap in range), but underparts more extensively yellowish-orange. Otherwise most likely to be confused with Lowland Akalat, but can always be distinguished by the white spot in front of the eye, as well as the dark-green rather than rufous-brown back, and the buff rather than white belly.
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