Penan Bulbul

Visually indistinguishable from Oriental Cuckoo. Adult male is gray above with a black-and-white-barred belly and a dark gray tail; females usually look similar, but some (known as hepatic morph birds) have cinnamon-brown upperparts with black barring throughout. Intermediate in size between Common and Lesser Cuckoos; distinguished from both species by buffy (not white) under-tail feathers and from Lesser Cuckoos by yellow iris. Song is a series of five notes, with the leading note being sharper and more distinct than the four that follow; compare with Oriental Cuckoo’s series of mellow paired notes. Breeds in a wide range of different lowland and hill forests; also more open habitats outside of breeding season.

Small, yellow finch found in cloud forest along the east slope of the Andes. Note yellow patches in wings and tail. Male has a black hood. Difficult to separate from Hooded Siskin except by range and habitat. Olivaceous Siskin is generally found at lower elevations and prefers taller, more humid forest. Male may appear slightly more golden than male Hooded Siskin, but this is hard to judge. Female is always yellow below, whereas most (but not all) female Hooded Siskins in the area of overlap are grayish below. Not all birds can be safely identified.

Large scoter, with distinctive white patch on wing. Dark chocolate-brown overall; males are darker than females and have small white mark under eye. Note bill pattern: mostly yellow with a dark knob on top and a subtle pinkish tip. Females have two rounded white patches on face. Breeds on ponds, lakes, or rivers in woodland or tundra across much of northern Europe. Winters mainly in coastal waters, sometimes in large flocks. Occasionally found on large inland lakes during migration. Dives frequently, feeding on mollusks and crustaceans.