Hardhead
Aythya australis
Chocolate brown diving duck with white rump and large white panels in the wings. Male has white eyes. Female is slightly paler with dusky eyes. Similar to Musk and Blue-billed Ducks, but Hardhead sits higher in the water, has a white patch on the rump, and lacks a spiky tail.
识别特征
Hardheads are smaller than most ducks, usually not reaching much more than 45 cm long but sometimes reaching 60 cm, and noticeably more rounded in overall form than most ducks. Both male and female are a fairly uniform chocolate-brown above, with rufous flanks and white undersides (which are often not visible if the duck is in the water). The trailing edges and almost the entire underside of the wings are white. In the male, the eyes are a striking white, in the female, brown.
分类信息
- 学名
- Aythya australis
- 命名信息
- (Eyton, 1838)
- 目
- Anseriformes
- 科
- Anatidae
- 属
- Aythya
分布与栖息地
Hardheads are common in the south-east of Australia, particularly in the Murray-Darling Basin, but also in the wetter country near the coasts. They are moderately nomadic in normal years, but disperse widely in times of drought. Significant numbers reach as far afield as New Guinea, New Zealand, and the islands of the Pacific, where they can remain for some time, even breeding for a season or two.<p>Hardheads prefer larger lakes, swamps and rivers with deep, still water, but are often seen in smaller streams, flooded grasslands, and shallow pools. As a general rule, they avoid coastal waters. They rarely come to land and never perch in trees.<p>Widespread throughout its large range, the hardhead is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
- 繁殖区
- AU : Australia and Tasmania, New Zealand, Grande Terre (New Caledonia) and Banks Is. to Tanna (n to s Vanuatu)
- 非繁殖区
- to Sulawesi and e Java
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
Like the other members of the pochard group, hardheads feed by diving deeply, often staying submerged for as long as a minute at a time. They slip under the water with barely a ripple, simply lowering their heads and thrusting with their powerful webbed feet. They eat a broad range of small aquatic creatures, and supplement this with water weeds.<p>Hardheads are usually silent, but males have a soft, wheezy whistle and 'whirr'. Females have a loud rattling 'gaark' call.
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Crimson Finch
Neochmia phaeton
Elegant, long-tailed finch, adult male brown above, intense crimson below, with a cherry-red face and small pale spots on the side of the chest. Birds in New Guinea and Cape York with white belly, those elsewhere in Australia with black. Female duller, with only red face. Juvenile mostly brownish with dark bill but note long tail. Star Finch has shorter tail, greener plumage. Inhabits tall grass areas, especially with Pandanus (palm-like tree with leaves attached in a corkscrew pattern).
Bare-throated Bellbird
Procnias nudicollis
Males are unmistakable snow-white cotingas with a greeny-blue bare face and throat. Females are olive-green above with a streaked belly and gray-brown head. The song is a metallic, explosive and massively loud “boink” delivered from high perches in the canopy of humid forests.
Plain-pouched Hornbill
Rhyticeros subruficollis
Medium-sized hornbill; resembles a smaller version of Wreathed Hornbill. Black with a white tail. Male has a white head and neck and a yellow throat pouch, while females have a blue pouch. Separated from Wreathed by lack of grooves on bill, small size, and lack of a black patch on the pouch (hence “plain-pouched”). Inhabits lowland forests; frequently detected flying powerfully overhead giving short, high-pitched calls. Often encountered in flocks.
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