Hume's Treecreeper

A confusing flycatcher, fairly small and nondescript. Look for the short bill and round head, sometimes raised into a slight crest. Dull grayish-brown head shows only a hint of a paler line above eye. Chest is paler gray, which blends into the pale yellow belly. Wingbars are present but not bold. Larger and lankier than a beardless-tyrannulet; looks rather like a diminutive Myiarchus flycatcher. Very similar to Southern Scrub-Flycatcher, which may overlap during the Austral winter, but note the overall darker coloration of Amazonian.

Uncommon and local, rather small hummingbird of humid forest edge, plantations, and woodlands in tropical lowlands and foothills. Perches and feeds mainly at middle to upper levels in shady understory and at edges. Note the bright red bill and greenish-gold tail (which often looks grayish). Male has violet gorget. Female has violet throat spotting, but often these areas look rather dull and grayish unless they catch the light.

A short-tailed, mostly flightless rail, known locally as the Ko’ko’, with reddish chestnut upperparts and white-barred black underparts. Gray on the chest and throat with a pale gray eyebrow. Once widespread across most habitats, it became extinct in the wild in the 1980s, but has been reintroduced in carefully managed areas thanks to a captive breeding program. Similar to Buff-banded Rail, but lacks chestnut on the face and breast, and has a more extensive area of black with white barring below. Upperside is also much plainer reddish. Most commonly heard giving short “kip” notes, but also loud screeches during breeding season.