Striped Woodcreeper
Xiphorhynchus obsoletus
A medium-sized woodcreeper, widespread in the lowlands across most of Amazonia. Most obvious feature is the fairly straight, pale bill – however, it is not quite as perfectly straight as Straight-billed Woodcreeper (especially the upper mandible). Also note the buffy streaking on the head, back, and breast. Tends to be confined to riverine and varzea forest, usually in the lower to mid-levels, sometimes following a mixed-species flock. Perhaps most easily detected and identified by voice: listen for the rather harsh ascending trill
识别特征
The striped woodcreeper is medium-sized, with a slim, slightly decurved bill of moderate length. The species is 18 to 20.5 cm (7.1 to 8.1 in) long. Males weigh 27 to 37 g (0.95 to 1.3 oz) and females 24 to 36 g (0.85 to 1.3 oz). The sexes have the same plumage. Adults of the nominate subspecies X. o. obsoletus have a face with thin creamy buff and dark brown streaks that become bold scaling on the sides of the neck. They have a faint pale supercilium or none at all. Their crown and nape are blackish to dark olive-brown with pale spots that have dusky edges. Their back is olive-brown with dusky-edged whitish buff streaks. Their rump, wings, and tail are cinnamon-rufous to rufous-chestnut, with dusky to dark brown tips on the primaries. Their throat is buffy white, sometimes with a faint scaly appearance. Their underparts are grayish olive-brown and sometimes have a rufescent cast; they have buffy-white streaks with black edges that are bold on the breast and weaker on the lower belly and undertail coverts. Their iris is brown to dark brown, their maxilla pale brownish to grayish-horn with a darker base, their mandible pale bluish gray to light brown, and their legs and feet shades of gray or dark brown. Juveniles are similar to adults but with less well defined dark edges to their spots and streaks.<p>Subspecies X. o. notatus is more rufescent than the nominate; its throat and streaks are a deeper buff to ochraceous and its streaks are finer. X. o. palliatus is even more rufescent; its streaks are more deeply colored and its back and rump are closer in color to each other than are the nominate's. X. o. caicarae is the smallest subspecies and has browner (less grayish) underparts and a shorter bill than the nominate.<p>The subspecies intergrade in their contact zones.
分类信息
The striped woodcreeper has these four subspecies:<p>Some doubt exists that X. o. caicarae is a valid subspecies.
- 学名
- Xiphorhynchus obsoletus
- 命名信息
- (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1820)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Furnariidae
- 属
- Xiphorhynchus
分布与栖息地
The subspecies of the striped woodcreeper are found thus:<p>The striped woodcreeper is primarily a bird of mature evergreen forest, and favors landscapes near water. These include várzea, igapó, and swamp forest, and river islands. It occurs less frequently in terra firme and secondary forest. In the southern part of its range it occurs in gallery forest within the cerrado. It is entirely a bird of the lowlands, being found only below 500 m (1,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The striped woodcreeper is a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The striped woodcreeper's diet is mostly insects and other arthropods such as spiders. It usually forages singly but sometimes in pairs, and at all levels of the forest up to the subcanopy. It sometimes joins mixed-species feeding flocks and is not known to follow army ant swarms. It hitches up trunks and branches, sometimes on the underside of the latter, and gleans, probes, and pecks for prey. It also takes a significant part of its prey by mid-air capture during sallies from a perch.<p>The striped woodcreeper's breeding season is not well defined but appears to vary somewhat geographically. It nests in cavities, such as in a stump, and also in nests of arboreal termites. The clutch size is two eggs. The incubation period, time to fledging, and details of parental care are not known.<p>The striped woodcreeper sings mostly at dawn and dusk, and also intermittently during the day. Its song is "a trill...20–35 sharp notes, first stuttering, then speeding up slightly, rises conspicuously at end, 'che-e-e-e-e-e-ee-ie-ie-iek!'." Its calls include "sip", "ti-dik", and a "dry twittering 'tit-it-it' or 'si-si-sip' ".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Warsangli Linnet
Linaria johannis
A fine-billed finch with a notched tail. Neatly patterned mostly in gray and white, with black wings and tail and a rufous lower back and thighs. Male has a striking white eyebrow, lower cheek patch, wing notch, and rump. Female is duller, with a less striking facial pattern; juvenile is buffier and streakier. A rare resident in the hilly Daalo and Mash Caleed regions of northern Somalia, where it prefers degraded juniper forest and other woodland and scrub between 1200 and 2400 meters of elevation. Forages on the ground in pairs or small groups, and perches on exposed branches and dead trees. Sings a typical canary-like song with whistles, trills, and buzzes. Calls include a high-pitched “tsee-wit.” Streaky juvenile could be confused with a canary, but white in the wing is distinctive.
Kentish Plover
Anarhynchus alexandrinus
Small, pale plover with broken black collar, sandy upperparts, grayish legs, and rather fine black bill. Breeding plumage has black mask and black tabs at sides of breast (not a complete band). Nonbreeding plumages have black replaced by brown. Mainly coastal, on sandy beaches, dry mudflats, and at salt ponds, usually near water; also locally inland. Migrants will join with flocks of other shorebirds.
Tiny Hawk
Microspizias superciliosus
Well-named, this is truly a small hawk, although size can be difficult to judge. Look for fine barring on the underparts, darker cap, and relatively short tail. Adults are gray, juveniles warmer rufous. Lacks a conspicuous collar wrapping around the neck, as in Semicollared Hawk. Not frequently seen; often stays inside forests, where it hunts small birds. Sometimes perches at the forest edge. Almost always seen singly.
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