Chestnut-sided Shrike-Vireo
Vireolanius melitophrys
Spectacular, large vireo of highland forests, especially pine-oak. Like most vireos, rather sluggish and easily overlooked. Best detected by song: a loud, hawklike whistle, often repeated steadily. Usually found as singles or in pairs, at middle to upper levels in forest canopy, but also low in brushy thickets; often travels with mixed-species flocks of warblers, orioles, and tanagers. Note the bold face pattern and staring pale eyes; male is more brightly marked, with deep rusty breast band while female breast band is weak and washed out.
识别特征
One of the largest species in Vireonidae, with a length of 16.5 to 18 cm (6.5 to 7.1 in) and a mean body mass of 34.7 g (1.22 oz). Sexes are of similar sizes. Only one other population of Vireonid reaches this size - the Cozumel rufous-browed peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis insularis.<p>A striking bird, adult chestnut-sided shrike-vireos have bright green backs and largely white undersides punctuated by their eponymous chestnut flanks that meet in a chest band. The head is characterized by a slate crown and nape, golden-yellow eyebrows that sometimes reach the lores at the bill base, black eyelines that are thin near the bill and thickest where they meet the gray nape, white cheeks, thin black malars, and a white throat. The legs are pink, and irides are yellow. Chestnut-sided shrike vireos are sexually dimorphic, unlike most species of Vireonid which are monomorphic (with the exception of the black-capped vireo Vireo atricapillus). Females can be separated from the males by their paler plumage and reduced chestnut coloration.<p>The song is a complex, multi-pitched single-syllable whistle that quickly ascends in pitch with multiple harmonics before a longer, less harmonized descent, often given in repeated succession with pauses between whistles generally lasting between 0.7–1 seconds. Calls consist of a hoarse chatter, similar to many other species of Vireonid. A relatively difficult to observe species, vocalizations have proven to be one of the best ways to detect chestnut-sided shrike-vireos, with songs audible up to 400 metres (1,300 ft) away.<p>Six primary vocalizations have been described by Barlow & James:
分类信息
One of four species within the genus Vireolanius. The exact relationships of Vireolanius to other members of Vireonidae are not fully resolved, but it appears to be one of the basal groups within the New World Vireonidae along with Cyclarhis possibly Hylophilus. Within the genus Vireolanius, the chestnut-sided shrike-vireo appears to be the outgroup with respect to all other shrike-vireos.<p>Two or three subspecies are recognized, depending on the taxonomic list being used. The type specimen of V. m. goldmani is alleged to be an immature of V. m. melitophrys, in which case it should be considered a junior synonym of V. m. melitophrys.
- 学名
- Vireolanius melitophrys
- 命名信息
- Bonaparte, 1850
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Vireonidae
- 属
- Vireolanius
分布与栖息地
A humid pine-oak specialist, this species is restricted to montane habitats from central Mexico (Jalisco and San Luis Potosí) to southern Guatemala. It is nowhere common, having one of the lowest relative abundances of any medium-sized songbird in Oaxacan pine-oak forests. In all regions, it is confined to tropical and subtropical forests zones, mostly above 1,800 metres (5,900 ft). In San Luis Potosí, this species is found principally between 4,000 feet (1,200 m) to 6,700 feet (2,000 m) in elevation. Similarly, a study in Jalisco only recorded this species above 1,400 metres (4,600 ft), with most birds found between 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) and the highest elevations of the study area, 2,000 metres (6,600 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- stable
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Red-legged Partridge
Alectoris rufa
Distinctive gamebird of farmland, grassy fields, and open heathland. Seen mainly as pairs and small groups, often along the edges of fields. Plumage is ornate and handsome, with a red bill, white throat, black streaked necklace, boldly barred flanks, and buffy belly. Other similar species (such as Chukar) do not overlap in native range, but can escape from collections or be introduced for hunting; all lack the diagnostic black-streaked necklace of Red-legged. Song is a dry, rasping “wa-cha-cha-wa-cha-cha” or “wi’ch-ch’ch.”
Chestnut Quail-thrush
Cinclosoma castanotum
Heavily patterned terrestrial bird of eastern South Australia, northwestern Victoria, and western New South Wales. White eyebrow and moustache, with a deep chestnut-brown back and intricately patterned wing. Female has white belly and gray chest, male white belly, gray flanks, and black chest and throat. Note gray sides rather than warm brown sides of Cinnamon and Chestnut-breasted quail-thrushes. Usually seen walking around in areas of open mallee woodland and shrubland. Call a long, high-pitched whistled "seeeep."
Martens's Warbler
Phylloscopus omeiensis
A bright and attractive small warbler with many virtually identical relatives. Breeds in foothill and montane forests, where it favors areas with a dense understory. Descends into lower elevations in the winter, when it often moves around with mixed flocks. Bright green above and yellow below, with a gray-and-black-striped crown and a bright yellow eyering; note intermediately strong crown patterning and distinct yellow eyering, often weak but not broken above the eye. Song is a series of lively whistles and chirps uttered in discrete bursts.
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