Plumbeous Antvireo
Dysithamnus plumbeus
Chunky antbird with a slightly hooked bill and a short tail; larger-bodied than most antwrens. The male is slate gray with a black breast and white spotting on the wings. Males also have a concealed white patch on their back. The female is mostly olive-brown with pale wing bars and throat. Inhabits the understory of humid forests where it occasionally follows mixed-species flocks. The song is a loud series of descending melancholic whistles.
识别特征
The plumbeous antvireo is about 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long. Adult males have a dark gray head, upperparts, and tail with a hidden white patch between the scapulars. Their wings are black with white tips and edges on the coverts. Their underparts are a darker blackish gray than the upperparts. Adult females have an olive-brown head and upperparts with buff-white spots on the wing coverts. Their throat is very pale gray, their breast olive-brown, and their belly and crissum ochraceous.
分类信息
The plumbeous antvireo was originally described in genus Myiothera, which is no longer in use. It was eventually transferred to Dysithamnus but around 1970 was moved by at least one author to genus Thamnomanes. This treatment was not widely accepted and by the 1980s it was confirmed to belong in Dysithamnus.<p>The plumbeous antvireo and what is now the white-streaked antvireo (D. leucostictus) were for a time treated as conspecific; they were separated in the early 2000s. The plumbeous antvireo is monotypic.
- 学名
- Dysithamnus plumbeus
- 命名信息
- (Wied-Neuwied, M, 1831)
- 目
- Passeriformes
- 科
- Thamnophilidae
- 属
- Dysithamnus
分布与栖息地
The plumbeous antvireo is found locally in southeastern Brazil in an area roughly bounded by southern Bahia, eastern Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and northern Rio de Janeiro states. It is a bird of the Atlantic Forest, where it inhabits the understory of evergreen forest. It occurs almost exclusively in primary or slightly disturbed forest and favors overgrown openings such as those created by fallen trees. In elevation it mostly occurs below 600 m (2,000 ft) but is found as high as 900 m (3,000 ft).
- 迁徙
- Resident species
行为
The plumbeous antvireo is thought to be a year-round resident throughout its range.<p>The plumbeous antvireo's diet is not known in detail but is mostly insects and other arthropods. It usually forages singly or in pairs, and sometimes as part of a mixed-species feeding flock that passes through its territory. It typically feeds within about 2 m (7 ft) of the ground but sometimes to twice that height, and readily feeds on the ground. It feeds mostly while perched by gleaning from live leaves, vines, and twigs. It also probes dead leaf clusters.<p>The plumbeous antvireo's breeding season is thought to span August to December. The one known nest was 0.3 m (1 ft) above the ground in a small shrub. It contained two eggs that the female was incubating. Nothing else is known about the species' breeding biology.<p>The plumbeous antvireo's song is a "slow series of 6-8 evenly spaced, rising and falling, sad-sounding notes".
保护状况
- 种群趋势
- declining
照片
分布
鸟叫声
其他鸟类
Brown Accentor
Prunella fulvescens
A relatively plain bird of open areas with scattered thickets in alpine and subalpine regions. Well-marked but not striking: gray-brown above with a dark face, a snowy white eyebrow and belly, and a soft orange wash on the throat and breast. Usually seen foraging on the ground, but male often perches on top of a small tree or a building to give his song: a repetitive, but somewhat musical trill.
Hardhead
Aythya australis
Chocolate brown diving duck with white rump and large white panels in the wings. Male has white eyes. Female is slightly paler with dusky eyes. Similar to Musk and Blue-billed Ducks, but Hardhead sits higher in the water, has a white patch on the rump, and lacks a spiky tail.
Dark-breasted Rosefinch
Procarduelis nipalensis
Dark medium-sized rosefinch. Male is is dark pink with a lighter throat and eyebrow. Female is dark brown with light wingbars. Both sexes can be similar to Vinaceous Rosefinch, but note male’s different head pattern and female’s unstreaked underparts and noticeable wingbars. Forages on the ground in montane and hill forest, forest edge, and rocky meadows and slopes. Gives a wheezy sparrow-like “wheer.”
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